Secrets of Women and Men - Secreta mulierum et virorum

Saint Albertus Magnus
1483


• The philosopher of philosophers is called the fourth branch of ethics. Man is the greatest of those who are in the world. And the world is taken here {for} all that are content in the hope of the active and passive, that is to say {for} the elements and elementals. It is the best of which the species of the cause are the most noble. but this is the case with man&t̄ It is clear that the greater is the result, because nobility is drawn from the causes; the lesser is from the matter of man whence the substance of man, according to the physicians, is said to be the menses of the woman with the sperm of the man. because they both enter {con}poēm ho menis / as milk coagulates under the substance of cheese. But the natural philosophers posit {that} the menstruation of a woman is matter and the semen of a man is the effect: thus {that} the semen of a man thus bears itself to the menstruation of a woman / as an artist to an artifice, as is attested by Auerro's seventh metaphysic in the descent of none of the ideas ¶ Likewise, the philosopher says in the fifth metaphysical chapter, tenth, that the man's sperm is reduced to an effective cause. And in every way it is always said that man's material is the most excellent and among all seeds the most noble. Secondly, he was It is the best thing that is disguised in its own parts by the most noble body. {but} man is of this kind, therefore, &c. The greater is evident because the similitude follows the nature of the thing. He is a lesser one: because man is assimilated to the heavens as far as the twelve signs of the zodiac


there are three hot virtually scz: aries. twins leo 〈…〉 lis corrn̄den three members in man scz heart boar & 〈…〉 butts Also three are cold scz cancer taurus & 〈◊〉 the bowels 〈◊〉 corrn̄d to them diafragra Itē 〈◊〉 moist scz scorpio aquarius & pisces with 〈◊〉 brain stomach and the lung Also there are three dry scz 〈◊〉 prikoruus archer and libra which corrn̄ three • ē∣bra scz spleen fel and kidneys whence he says ph̄s .xij. goal {that} for then the sky is like one set therefore we must be incbrought to the notice of the present book, which treats of the human generation, for which cause he says that Albert was great, that he was sufficiently trite, that he was informed in experiments by muliers, and especially in the book of animals which before {that} he spent all his life with Alexander, he composed 〈◊〉 about animals.

Title
¶Begin the Secrets of Women and Men composed by Albert the Great
Text
• I cast myself as a companion and friend in Christ. N cleric of such a place truly wisely & augment tû continuous life present


due to the crime . _ _ And he divided it into two parts , namely, the prohemial and the executive . First , the author greets the person with whom he is writing, namely , that he is staying in Paris . There was a certain priest in Mouens who pleased Lord Albertus to write for him a book on the secrets of women, because women are at the time of menstruatingso poisonously {that} they intoxicate others by sight and infect the children with • And stain a well-cleaned mirror And when {and} they cause the one meeting with them to become a leper than I do{que} cancer. And since evil cannot be avoided unless it is known, therefore it is necessary for those who wish to abstain from it and to know the impurity of sexual intercourse and many other things that are appropriate in this book. And so Albertus, seeing {that} he justly asked, consented to him. And the cause is touched when it is moved when it is understood that it writes & ce •era ¶Noted wisdom is the knowledge of God and its perpetual effects And therefore the philosopher says in {pro} metaphysically. Of God there is no knowledge, but piety. Thus there is nothing better in this life because we are happy in the middle itself, according to the testimony of Anerroy in the {pro}logo of the scientists. The author writes that there is a continuous increase in the vine. And these things are well written for him, because by means of wisdom man is rendered worthy to praise God and men

Text
• Vm your favorable and gratuitous company • slanders me that something should be said by us about 〈◊〉 q̄


in the nature and condition of women they are hidden andAnd it is clear that in the text Nota the author says {that} the youthful and small mind has attracted him to where the arrogance of the mind is useful because the mind says that it is imbued with a few conditions and a few conditions of knowledge, whence the intellect is not properly } itself nor by accident that the intellect is not extended {by} accn̄s by the extension of its matter ¶The mark of appetite is the triple nature of nature. animal and intellectual. For the purpose he says lr̄a. appetite glo sa that is to the natural understanding. whence that priest, with a natural appetite, desired to know the natures of women, whence he m• lest they desire to know from nature first metaphysically. Thus he desired an intellectual appetite because he saw the futility of knowledge


It is also written in the second place about the generation of animals that can be generated, the generation is everlasting in marriage. It is the most natural o{per}um to generate something similar to itself inasmuch as it is divine and the immortals {perceive that they desire it so that they may continue the same / not the same in number but the same in hope cie {for} what he says { Commentator, secondly, concerning that {that} the divine concern, when he could not do it himself {permanent} in the same number, had mercy on him in giving him strength that he could permanence in hope. And he adds For in this there is no doubt that it is better to have this virtue than not to have it or not

A comment
¶This is {per}s execution in which the author {pro}seq̄t itētū snū put two {pro}powerful poems to {pro}poītū and divided it into as many chapters and parts as ptēbūt by order for such are the fruits of the fruit of the earth . But it seems doubtful that there are some animals that are once completely corrupted, like the spring and the fly in the yeast. It is assumed that if it corrupts in one cl • ā te then they generate in a o according to Albertus & Lincoln. i o · p •St. or to say {that} the generation of animals which are of the perfection of the universe is eternal Sz standing as the first solution of the Doubts, because it would be better not to have many such things {than} to be scz {serpents} and other animals that intoxicate. It is good for them to be absorbed by the earth , for if they did not absorb it, it would infect the air and


From the sentence or the text it is clear that chastity is a sin, even though good is the way of death and the precept of the law. because by chastity he does not generate anything similar to himself. Note that by the sun the divine lawlessness cannot be understood by God, because he himself does not care for the particular according to Auerroim in the twelfth Me∣thaphis. therefore by divine care is meant the heavenly body, which of its own nature, by natural appetite, desires to preserve these lower things, yet through the mediation of the government of the intelligences. Whence {commentator} in the twelfth metaphor, the work of nature is the work of the intelligence that does not go astray . And it seems not. because if sospecies would be generable, which is false. The falsity is evident because it is false. It is a matter of time that what generates an indiui∣dum h o or illd then generates a specific nature under the seal of h o and according to that it may not generate according to the whole am bit. Whence it is known that nature works secretly in every salt, as Gilbertus Porritanus says in his six principles, ca o p o in ca o de forma. And what {produces} he intends to bring forth in universal nature scz hoiēz ī {con}mum or equū And tn̄ {produces {per}ticu lare lot or platon that {pro}ueīt from him because he finds matter∣riā when & signed h oin a determined place, and if he found it, he would bring forth all nature at the same time, but what he found in one of the menstruating ports of this or that woman would produce this or that. But where are these other things and especially today according to the same nature and according to


in matter & according to nū{rum} it does not last. It is written of the generation and corruption of which the substance does not last, but it is corruptibleThis is especially from the intent of the philosophers and especially Boethius in the scdo de {con}solacôe ph̄i where it is said {that} these people are similar to God in mind. And therefore when there is in that human nature in the lot, or in Plato, or in another particular man, the movement which is called the most perfect generation, it will itself be among all the generations of animals. Generation is the movement from non-being to being. But it is most desired to be, and especially by men, because among all motions this excels in mobility. And understand of the variety of motion, that upon which it is moved, by this the motion which is the cause of others is first excluded Commentary ¶ Here the author proves {that} animals cannot remain the same in number, but well the same in appearance, and especially today. It is doubtful whether the same corrupted individual could be regenerated in number. And it seems so because after


For thirty-seven thousand years the constellation of the heavens will be there throughout as already according to Plato and the astronomers. whence Plato said {that} after a great year the matter should be told in Athens, and it should be read there. Auerrois and Aristocrat are said to be standing. in what picture and in the book of generation it is not possible from which the generations of that cannot be now immediate and corruptions therefore mediate time And therefore one name is lost by one change in number .v. phi• m trāsit & nō ruertit in the same number But well the same in spe And it can be said {that } the current revolution is not in the same number with the revolution that comes after a thousand or four hundred years because the movement is a being of success to be perpetuated forever. And it seems that this is because it is possible to find in reality something complex in which the elements are reduced to a mean or a mean proportion, because all corruption is from the opposite. But


{that} this is possible is proved in this way. because where there is more equal and less equal there is equal I simply say {that} it is not possible to give it. because every mixture is moved by the nature of the predominant element in the first heaven and world. But to reason. where is more equal & less equal &t̄. It is true that it is equal and sufficient and that it is possible. Whence the mixture must be equal in moisture according to justice, but it is not necessary to give it equal according to the amount of mass, because the earth always predominates in the majority of the mixture. To put it another way, on the supposition that such a mixture, according to all the equality of the elements, would still be corruptible from the intrinsic, or from the power of the evil. because it could be chilled by the medium of cold water, and in fact it could be said from this, that is, from the quantity of the fluids, and from this, it would be corrupted. This is clear because man becomes divine through science. whence Seneca says thus. He is a very likeable and loving man. Again, this is clear in the second Me∣thaphis. where Aristotle says There is a delight in men for a little time {as} by intelligence they profit all eternity. And by this he understands the knowledge of God, in which there is the greatest delight ¶ For which it is to be noted {that} all delight is made by a certain similitude, or by a certain similitude, of the knower to the known by means of a model, and of the knower, therefore, how much more or more does a man know about to a god so much more, or even more, that he is likened to a god himself This is clear because man becomes divine through science. whence Seneca says thus. He is a very likeable and loving man. Again, this is clear in the second Me∣thaphis. where Aristotle says There is a delight in men for a little time {as} by intelligence they profit all eternity. And by this he understands the knowledge of God, in which there is the greatest delight ¶ For which it is to be noted {that} all delight is made by a certain similitude, or by a certain similitude, of the knower to the known by means of a model, and of the knower, therefore, how much more or more does a man know about to a god so much more, or even more, that he is likened to a god himself This is clear because man becomes divine through science. whence Seneca says thus. He is a very likeable and loving man. Again, this is clear in the second Me∣thaphis. where Aristotle says There is a delight in men for a little time {as} by intelligence they profit all eternity. And by this he understands the knowledge of God, in which there is the greatest delight ¶ For which it is to be noted {that} all delight is made by a certain similitude, or by a certain similitude, of the knower to the known by means of a model, and of the knower, therefore, how much more or more does a man know about to a god so much more, or even more, that he is likened to a god himself There is a delight in men for a little time {as} by intelligence they profit all eternity. And by this he understands the knowledge of God, in which there is the greatest delight ¶ For which it is to be noted {that} all delight is made by a certain similitude, or by a certain similitude, of the knower to the known by means of a model, and of the knower, therefore, how much more or more does a man know about to a god so much more, or even more, that he is likened to a god himself There is a delight in men for a little time {as} by intelligence they profit all eternity. And by this he understands the knowledge of God, in which there is the greatest delight ¶ For which it is to be noted {that} all delight is made by a certain similitude, or by a certain similitude, of the knower to the known by means of a model, and of the knower, therefore, how much more or more does a man know about to a god so much more, or even more, that he is likened to a god himself• om̄s

the motion of generation is more noble by taking the
motion for the whole eduction or formation of the fetus in the womb . who does not throw away any perfection from the substance of the movement, like the movement of the sky, who does not cause anything to be corrupted from the substance of the sky. the sperm does not cease to decay, and part of man is generated until the whole form is completed

Text
• Our speech is based on the premise of hijs that it is best to incline the listener to the material of the style to the material of the work. And first to see the generation of the embryo. According to what must be carefully noted and remembered {that} everything that is born naturally from the seed of the father and the menstruation of the mother is born according to the intention of all philosophers and physicians. But he says that the fetus only {proceeds} from the menses. And then he puts the ip I am vaporously exhaling. And the doctors say {that} all the semen, both from the father's side, which is called sperm, and from the mother's, which is called menstruation, yields to the substance of the fetus


The chapter of the second part of the executive in which he wants to add the mother to the generation of the embryo or the fetus. There is a notable contradiction between doctors and philosophers. whence the carpenter is only efficientthe mouse alters and disposes of it. because the end and the effect do not coincide, therefore the sperm of the man does not enter matter. But the doctors say the opposite, and they say {that} man is the most noble matter, therefore the seed must enter under the matter of the offspring of a mule. because a woman's periodyou will be superfluous in the second digestion. But the sperm of a man is better cooked and digested. therefore it is necessary for him to enter the matter of the fetus and substance, because they see that the fetus sometimes imitates the father in the genitals and in many other ways. this would not be possible unless it entered the substance of the fetus. Also the doctors say {that} in the woman there is a certain gynecological spirit which penetrates any matter of the united seeds. all members And {through} himself the spirit greets the prince


efficient But the philosophers themselves hold that the sperm of a man exhales vaporously. because the matrix is ​​a very porous organ. But {that} it is porous is clear because the child takes nourishment { through} the nose . Then the hairs come out through the pores. An embryo is known as a fleshy mass gathered from these seminib{us} and this fleshy mass is altered for the formation of the fetus

Text
¶ Having seen and accepted these things, one {per}te of the highest opinion or I say to myself. Whence, when a woman has been in intercourse with a man, if the woman sends forth her menses at the same time as the man's sperm: Thus {that} these two seeds run together into the woman's wound. and one begins to mix with the other. A woman conceives. Now she calls conception when these two seeds are received in the womb in such a place appointed by nature to the fetus after those two seeds have been received. The womb of a woman is closed so {as} the bursa from one side of it, so {that} nothing of the received seed can {perish} And when the womb is thus closed, the menstruating woman is stopped. ¶ Here the author exeqt to the formation of the fetus, and he does this first.


they are well-conformed and well-arranged. and that is why those who rarely come together quickly procreate because they are very hot . Note that vnlua is called as valua because it is the wool of the belly, and the last part of it is called mēbrū as in the mēbrū of the anus, i.e. the end of the vulture And so the matrix closes like a bursa so {that} no needle could enter without Auicenna because it gnaws from the calyx received, not wanting to destroy it. could anyone generateAnd it seems {that} it is not because the seminal vessels fail, through which vessels the seed must be deferred. If I were to be placed on the ground at the womb, it would be possible {that} where would he take it Whence it often happens {that} in the bath where the man is engorged with sperm by the woman present {that} she herself conceives during intercourse because the woman is very attractive and because the semen is still vigorous and not it was exhaled, therefore it could produce a fetus, and this was experienced. For if a cat spermated on a willow tree, and someone ate from such a willow tree, then from that sperm, cats would be born in the man's stomach, which cats would be expelled by vomiting.

Text
According to what they note while {that} menstruation in a woman is nothing else {than} superfluous nourishment that does not yield to the substance of a thing from another place like sperm in men. And therefore it is called menstruation in a woman


because it flows in every month at least once when 〈◊〉 has been so old, that is .xiii or .xiiii years old & vt frequently happens in 13ij. And the flow begins to be monthly, not every month because of nature's cleansing. But this flux happened in a new union . to some afterwards, so that all women suffer this pain at the same time. And I say pain because in such a flow everyone suffers indifferently / some more / some really too much for a longer time

A comment
¶ Here the author puts one notable and clear in the text. There are two reasons why the flow of sperm is not menstrual like menstruation. It is answered {that} the sperm, or the semen of the man, is boiled down and subtly, therefore nature does not willingly reject it, and it preserves it for generation or for nutrition if it were to digest the fetus. } vrine & other indiscretions are made every day from the superfluity of food according to the great thickness and greater quantity, therefore it is necessary {that} they must be expelled every day. Also it is known that young women are very moist. Therefore, they gladly menstruate at the beginning of the month, and the elderly at the end because they are less humid. Note that black women have less menstruation than white women.


the more women eat delicate and well-spiced food, the more subtly they emit their menses. And the opposite is true of the poor women who buy food for themselves. The reason is that at that time the heat of childhood is lacking. grace with which the right cannot well {consume} the moist nutritive Vn of vsus. Add ten to three, and you will see the menses of women. At fifty, such a purification lasts. In women, intercourse is so beneficial because an excess of cold is emitted, and they receive pain that corresponds to their coldness. The opposite is the case with men, where women are much more likely to have a shorter life, so much so that the nature of the sparrow that dies because of the hedge is attested to by the nature of men.

Text
¶But from the things that have been said, several doubts arise. ¶The first is. whether the flow of the glass be by a bloody color or by some other ¶According to what is to be noted {that} in all women, beyond {than} in the corrupt, the color of the udders is bloody, viz. And I say to a broken heart, that is, in corrupt evils and vicious humours. For in hijs there are monthly hedges of liuid, that is, of lead


and I do not speak of the corruption of chastity, because it does not matter whether they are virgins or corrupt, if they are of such an age that they agree to flow

And there are more signs for this part, namely, how the months flow, of which more will be said later

A comment
¶This author raises four questions according to the order that is evident in the text. And in such a form it can. I answer, according to Albertus, that if it were of the nature of the menses, then it would be white. But because his {producer} is red, of course, the boar is therefore disguised as himself. Then there is a doubt why the sperm of a man is not red when it is nevertheless warm and well digested.• drink whence the side before combustion is not red, but is produced by the consumption of moisture from the heat, so that


dry land with predominance • . so it is with the menstruum of a woman that {that} which is moist in the heat of the liver is {consumed} in the dry of the earth that which just becomes red. The menses is livid, that is, black, for the earth is black, from which the menses is the most terrestrial, therefore it follows the color of the earth, because color is the second quality abandoned by the first qualities. As we see when hot acts on wet and does not consume enough moisture, the green color is left, as in pears and apples. And if cold predominates, the color is white .ē vtrū menstruum flows through a whether and in this manner retirement or {through} the vulūā or just the expulsion of the vrine.

A comment
¶Here the author puts scdm dubiū vtz in the text And it is brought to doubt {that} in many corrupt women whose anus and vultures are one opening the mind can flow through the anus But standing in health and good digestion then they do not flow through the anus but through I would like

Text
¶Thirdly, he doubts that it is in the woman's flow that the menstrual flow is nourished by her flow, and not in the man's sperm, which is also nourished by her flow. To this doubt it must be said that she is


cold & moist by nature. But the man is hot and so cuus. but it is of the nature of moisture to end in the fourth meter, and the most moisture that is in women is watery, but in men the moisture is airy; And when nature does nothing in vain, as it is said in the beginning of heaven and of the world. And because the heat in women is always weak compared to that which is in men. He dismisses the matter with which • am in what • o menstruates are kept in women.

A comment
¶Here the author raises a third doubt and solves it by himself vt pa • and in the text ¶Note {that} the coldest of men is the warm∣or the warmest woman standing in the same region with digestion and nourishment of food, and so on of others ¶This I say note three times {that} one woman living in Ethiopia, he might be more delicate than a poor man in the west, always taking the coldest food. But on the contrary, it seems that the woman is hotter than the man because the heat is based on the blood. {that} where there is more of the well-digested and boiled blood, there is greater heat, but it is not so


in women g o and the rest ¶The note says {that} nature does what is best. It is reasonable. because nature is governed by an intelligence that does not err. For it expels the wet grossness of a woman by means of the menstrual flow. the limbs, the head, the heart, the brain, and other things

Text
¶Fourthly, one may doubt. whence should menses come in a woman when she is in intercourse with a man, as it was said above, when a woman conceives, the menses are retainedif they have been restrained, it is a wonder whence they flow in intercourse. To this it must be said that when a woman conceives the menses are retained, for this is the final cause, that the fetus existing in the woman's womb could be nourished from the retained menses. And when a woman is in intercourse with a man, then {for} the great pleasure she has, because by means of a rod of force existing in the vultures of the nerves and veins existing in the vultures, they are rubbed and moved. so as if violent with respect to the natural flow of the menses. Likewise, every day taken from nourishment, it becomes material which is born fit to be expelled in intercourse. From this the doubt is solved why pregnant women are most desirable


intercourse because the appetite for intercourse is due to the abundance of material superfluous from food And therefore when the menses are retained and every day something else is generated, the woman desires intercourse to the greatest extent because the woman's hair is warmed by the abundance of its material and thus she desires intercourse

A comment
Here the author raises the fourth doubt and solves it. But there is a doubt about what has been said and about what should be said about which members in men the sperm is cut off, and likewise the menstrual period by taking the menstrual period from the penis, instead of the semen that is emitted into the vagina. And it seems from all the members. because the fetus is mutilated by its parents in all its members. Sz {against} the sisie would follow {that} the imperfect in the members would generate the imperfect in the members, which is false. The falsity is evident by the demand. If the father were blind, lame, or mutilated in the digi to, he would not always beget a person like himself. Let us say that in that union the seeds are descended and distinguished from the four principal members, namely, from the brain, the heart, and the womb in women, and the testicles in men, and from what is derived from other members, but not from any of them. us} heart {per}is. {through} this it is said to the instance {that} it is pretended to be equal to you. I say {that} it is sufficient from the principal {for} that these flow into some of the members, and are mainly descended and distinguished from the brain. Whence we saw that many assembled had pains in the head, and were especially dry in their limbs, and most weakened in their strength

Text

Having seen these, let us proceed to the formation of the fetus in the womb of the woman. At first the material received was the milk of the first six days. The natural heat emitted from the sperm of the man and the heat of the mother works to give this color to your milk, so {that} this material is whitened like milk . afterwards, from that time on, consolidation takes place in the member of the fetus in twelve days

A comment
¶Chapter of the third execution in which he returned to the for macōez fet{us} successively. A doubt arises as to whether the heat of the mat is fiery elemental or heavenly heat. Here there are different opinions.But with Aristotle, in the matter of animals, it must be said that this heat is the heat of the animal or of the celestial Reason, because heat is destructive to the elements. but the heat of heaven is salutin {us} aīalīū according to Auer .xii. metha .xij oBut it must be said that this heat is very fiery and very much animal or celestial. On the fiery heat it is simply converted into something like a contrari. But the heat of the animal or celestial is mixed with moisture and temperature and he fixes the mixture. One of every living thing. lived in a hot radical and humid climate ¶Also it is doubtful that the mem bra p o form and generate in the fetus


And what descends from the boar after the seed {as} from the heart, therefore it is seen that the boar is born first. But with Aristotle let us say {that} the heart is first generated because it is the first living and the last dying; then the liver and then the brain and then the testicles and so on of others. But when it is said that the first nursing is in the womb. it is said that this is the truth from the consequence that Sz has first in his heart to be done

Text
¶According to what must be noted according to a certain philosopher that life arises from the four elements, therefore, because in such matter there is earthly matter which yields to the substance of bones. In the same way water yields to its like, and so to others. afterwards, however, the face is usually formed, and the disposition of the body is according to the three dimensions of length, breadth, and depth, and this takes place for eighteen days. From this very time the nature of the fetus begins to be strengthened vs. {and} I am at the egress ¶Note {that} the fetus of a woman is made from 23 days. The conception of the seed in the first six days. It is like milk: the remains become new blood from thence it consolidates twelve days twice the ninth. Let the rest of the season produce for the rise

A comment
¶ Here the author makes one notable point, as is evident in the text. ¶Note {that} the letter says {that} any of the living is from the iii o ele


of the mind This is proved by the fact that some things are nourished by them and are made up of them. But we are nourished by them and I am&t̄ Minor ptz qr nutrition is made by hot & moist. dry and cold and mainly through hot and humid But on the contrary. Certain animals live from pure elements, therefore there is only one element in the Ans pʐ themselves through these four verses. He led life from the purest elements. To say {what} is simply impossible according to Aristotle: Where the herring is a mixture of four elements and nourishes in water mixed with the heat of the sun. . Likewise, in every mixed living thing, three things are required which make the mixture stand firm and hard, otherwise it would quickly dissolve. Likewise, it is required that the nis should have heat in which life is saved. And it requires the moisture of the air, which generates sputum from the airy blood. Similarly, the bones are from the menses, which are then placed in the coarser parts, so that the bones are kept in this material. If the man's mouth was broken, he would quickly dissolve. Later, the brain is generated from the watery part of the menstrual cycle, and the spirit is generated from the marrow from the more airy parts. And he spared the more fiery parts, so that each of the members in man sews in its structure from the admixture of some element. Note that the fetus is formed in such a way that the quantity of pre-existing matter is condensed or rarefied to the quantity or extension due to the long, wide and deep form. Later, the brain is generated from the watery part of the menstrual cycle, and the spirit is generated from the marrow from the more airy parts. And he spared the more fiery parts, so that each of the members in man sews in its structure from the admixture of some element. Note that the fetus is formed in such a way that the quantity of pre-existing matter is condensed or rarefied to the quantity or extension due to the long, wide and deep form. Later, the brain is generated from the watery part of the menstrual cycle, and the spirit is generated from the marrow from the more airy parts. And he spared the more fiery parts, so that each of the members in man sews in its structure from the admixture of some element. Note that the fetus is formed in such a way that the quantity of pre-existing matter is condensed or rarefied to the quantity or extension due to the long, wide and deep form.


the irreducible will be greater in quantity to be broken up, and then the rarity of matter takes place. but when it will be less, then condensation takes place. so it is when a man is made from the seed of a woman, for then if the matter of the seed is greater than that which receives the form of man, then first of all there is natural heat, and the virtue of its form condenses the matter and causes it to harden until it is fit for form. And then, when man has generated matter, he increases in the meantime with the elements to the quantity he desires. And all those diversifiers which precede the soul generated in an instant.

Text
¶There are also some who, at any given time, set the rulership of a certain planet. And because knowing this contributes much to what is written here, and therefore lest it should be ascribed to my ignorance and neglect, I will clarify some of them, and note, as Aicenna says, that they are of a threefold kind. which are attributed to him in the same matter as in the poem. what form what {composed} out of matter & for ma {consequence} And since this is a natural {con}position from matter and form they will name it threefold in Ex.


And because of you there is a certain accident in the soul, which is the power of giving and moving. the virtues that the soul gathers in the heart, it draws them from the hopes and the heart through them above the heavenly

Comment
Here the author begins to determine the successive formation of the fetus according to the influence of the planets. And first he pre∣mits what He executed his intention there, for from the last known that conclusion is formed from the letter. Fet{us} is formed successively {by} the planets that {produce} it outside the earth. penes ild for the mature fetus that flows in many ways to be born and to live, but the planet is of this kind therefore Minor commentator. A known planet is then said to rule in greater strength than when it is in its own house, this is in a sign that is {conformable} to it, and that they are in the house plain .tarum will be revealed below. It is well known that the soul moves the body in this way, the soul is first moved by another, then by the mobile app, and thus moved by the spirit moves with which movements they themselves move the muscles that move the limbs ¶And it is clear {that} the main mover is desirable ¶But there is a doubt some accident could be the beginning of something under being principally ¶Galterus Buralij answers and says to himself in the fourth sentence {that} thus because it is an agent that corrupts one thing and generates another, but such a non-forming humor is made by the indisposition or disproportion of the elements that corrupts the form of man and generates in form cadaver


what is substance It is answered that humor is a signifier that humor is not taken as a substance because of an accident, but is taken instead of moist matter that sins, so that an accident does not corrupt a man, but because of the virtue of its subject. {but} what other substance there is nothing {contrary} D {what} is {rum} é of {con}trariety {perfect} t̄ well {con}trariety diminished which is sufficient for the cor∣ruption of one {us} and the other { us} to generation

Text{us}
¶For from the last world, which by divine motion receives all hopes into the more powerful, the matter itself flows principally and radically, and the virtues of being and moving; it came to him in a sudden form. But also he contracts another man, safe from this world, which he gives to him . And afterwards hope for Jupiter & from i •from hope flows into the soul magnanimity and many passions of the soul. And from the hope of Mars flows into the soul animosity and irascible virtue and other desire into the soul. And from love the soul itself is influenced by the movements of lust, lust, and longing. From Mercury the virtue of rejoicing and delighting. Indeed, from the moon, which is the root of all natural virtues, the power of vegetation flows into the soul.


From the parts of the heavenly bodies, therefore, all these things are attributed to the soul, and not only to the soul. But the hope of the starry sky gives the soul a distinct existence from other beings, because because of the multitude of stars flowing in it is distinct and distinguished. whence according to h o{that} the spiral star respects one soul more {than} another, therefore it flows into each human soul to be distinct; to which corresponds a distinct star ¶The sign of Saturn is the first erratic star, and by its grace it gives the soul the power of discernment and reasoning And Saturn is said to be satiated in years by the contrary. whence, when he is very cold and dry, he infuses charity by ruling himself. But Jupiter infuses magnanimity. whence Jupiter was a certain man who expelled his father from his kingdom, and as it were, helped his father through And this is attributed to a planet that is magnanimous through its influence. so {that} a child born under that reign becomes magnanimous. But in love they are born luxurious. But Mars is the most evil of the planets and gives the power of childish anger. But the sun is the best of the planets influencing science and memory. whence those born under the sun are happy and love bile. But Mercury is said to be of merchants• yrios that is the master. For as a merchant is said to be bold and affable with joy. so and that planet is a benevolent ga • diū


and infusing pleasure But the moon infuses the power of driving and nurturing. because it is the lowest of the planets, therefore it acts more immediately. Again the letter says. an accident is not supported by simple essence. The reason is that the subject is attacked by an accident from the nature of the subject, not only by the size of the subject or by the material cause. But even in the greatness of the efficient cause, therefore the compound is, according to one part, the material cause, and according to another, the effective cause. And therefore it is not possible to place it in the simple, therefore the simple is not the subject of accidents, and especially of real accidents. And {however} a simple entity could be the subject of its modes of being. as the first matter is the subject of its power, which is its proper and formal mode of being. From this it is clear {that} the accidents of power are not the accidents of the soul alone, but they are the accidents of the more quickly composed. but they are called souls because they are present in the body corporeally and principally

Text
¶ Now indeed from the {per}te of the body {with} similarly noting And about the creation or formation of the body that is created and formed from the embryo through the effects and operations of the stars which are called the planet. and he disposes of the dryness of Saturn, and to this matter, of course, the vegetation which is nourished by Saturn flows in, and the natural movement will be ascribed to it, and then it will be clear that the operation in such matter is in some way due. And therefore the doctors say that after the fall of the spermatozoa


in the matrix {which} at the first of the month in the generation and time of succession. according to the requirement of the nature of the seed, it is not satiated because by its coldness and dryness it constricts and solidifies the seed

A comment
¶ After {which} the arbiter set the proper accident to the mediating heavenly bodies. {consequently} it is executed in accordance with the accidents of the body. For if a pot full of water is taken and placed in a cold place, the water is reduced so that it is compressed. therefore it is likened to the earth; therefore it condenses and compresses matter. whence the verse And Saturn is very cold, dry and rough. Note the doubt whether any of the planets could flow back the coldness. But both movement {and} light warm g o&t̄. I answer {that} every plane thus flows in heat {but} one more, the other less

Text
But from this a doubt immediately arises. because it is possible for anyone to doubt whether Saturn reigns over every embryo {conceived} and if not then it is wonderful

Comment
This raises a doubt, and it is that if what has been said is followed by the past


{that} Saturn always reigned, so it would be wonderful . It is also self-evident that conceptions of children occur every day

Text
¶About what must be noted {that} the first matter is subject to the supercelestial bodies and their motions. } ticularly and universally they are looked upon by the superiors, understanding the universality of the bodies of the supercelestial bodies; for these lower bodies are universally looked upon by the superior bus, because nothing is made of elemental matter except by virtue of its superiors. therefore the commentator says in the twelfth metaphysics that nature does not act unless it is governed by supercelestial bodies. this is from the intelligences in particular, for something is done in these lower ones by the causation of the higher ones. because no part of heaven was born fit to introduce such a determined and special form. another, but in another form. And all this seems to be about the intention of the Commentator, first of generation and corruption, where he wills {that} the gene system of the elements and the parts themselves is ordered and maintained by the movements of the supercelestial bodies. And by the movements of the elements which concur generally to the generation of mixtures. And the Commentator adds. that the individual beings and planets are of determined causes and are determined to exist And




This is also the reason for this. because at that time the moon is very moist, and because rheumatism is caused by an excess of moisture, the god causes catharsis, and because the moisture of the moon disturbs the moisture of the brain, and increases itself by the grace of this increased mentation, a flow through the nostrils. And if those rays find a wounded man and wound him to death, therefore the wounded are to be protected from the rays of the moon

Text
After this, let us now return to the influences of the planets, which they called gods by nature over man from the heart, pores, and soul.

A comment
After that the author shows how the fetus is formed by the planets. Here he shows how these planets relate to the fetus from the side of the soul or the body or at the same time. I reason that nature is governed by them as a kingdom is by a king. Whence the whole world is contiguous to the superior states, so that its virtue is governed from there. But the planets vary the effect according to their motion. Whence the words pla nete are called from planos in Greek, which is a plane or error in Latin, not {that} they err in themselves, but {that} from their motions various errors are made in the world and in effects


Text
¶Saturn, who is superior, darker, heavier, and slower than others, makes a person born under him fu • when in color from the side of the body and full of black and hard hair, and a cloudy and well-bearded head. And such a man who holds his chest delicately and has clefts in the heels in the shape of a liter. And this according to the figural arrangement. But he was born as a soul, very treacherous and malicious, angry with the sad and evil, loving a foul vine and always wearing dirty clothes. whence it should be briefly noted {that} according to the intention of my teacher , having experienced in that science, whoever was born under Saturn has all the evils of the body

A comment
¶Here the author executes his intent And it is divided into seven parts according to {that} there are seven planets ¶Note that Saturn is the highest planet & {completes} its course in thirty years so that it returns to the same point of the zodiac from which it began. And according to Ptolemy, Saturn is at a great distance from the earth. so {which} to that part where he touches the hope that a man would come in five thousand years and in seven hundred and thirty-four years and in seventy seven weeks and in the fourth day bus} on the supposition {that} the diet of these days would be about a hundred miles And according to the astronomers, Saturn is that much


in magnitude {which} is ninety times greater {than} the whole earth ¶Also it has been said {that} Saturn is very slow in its motion. this must be understood thus / {that} in a longer time it {completes} its course. Whence Saturn is well thirty times greater than the sun in its orbit. And just as the sun passes through an orb in motionhateful sign in one year, so Saturn in thirty years, and moves as swiftly as the sun, wherefore two men should walk / one {in} thirty days should walk two miles. the other that walks one mile, and the other that walks one mile, is faster, yet is it faster in that motion {which} passes through space in an equal time, according to the sixth of the philosophers. Saturn makes his newborn brown in color. It is reasonable because Saturn is like the earth because it is cold and dry and dark and black and virtually makes the newborn dark. Likewise, it causes a child to be born with hard hair because it is of an earthly complexion, and therefore it causes in the fetus bad and coarse fluids from which coarse hair is generated. Also, his birth is sad. because it is a melancholy completion virtually, and the melancholy are sad because they always bow down to the ground. Likewise, his son is lazy in his manners because he is as heavy as the earth and therefore moves with difficulty. {by} what is insidious and {per}vidus that has no joy but is always melancholy, and from {us} dreams become true in many cases, just as we give force to fools who say that the future will always be through fantasies


& melancholy And he always wants to sit in a corner so ••• tari ¶Also a well-known letter says {that} he has cracks 〈◊〉 on his heels, i.e. divisions in the feet around the front part like the heel & the heel is a part of the foot in the front

Text
Jupiter, however, is a regular existing star. pious sweet and bright. & tem{per}a & prosperous He makes the best-born because he gives to the new-born under him a beautiful face and clear eyes. and the bar∣bam is round, and it represents the two upper teeth, which are equally divided. And it gives a man a white color mixed with red in his face. and he makes long hair, according to his mother, he makes a good and honest child. He is diligent in law and honesty, and beautiful clothes and gold are born, and pleasant tastes and smells are pleasing to him. And he will be merciful. generous funny and virtuous and truthful in his speech

¶ He posits about the second planet called Jupiter, whence the astronomers complete their course in .xij. years , so that under each sign it stays for one year. Whence, according to the astronomers, Jupiter is very far from the earth, because to that part where it is thinner than the earth, man would come to the earth in two thousand years and in five hundred years. .xxvi. And .3 weeks and five days supposing {that} the diet was about • em miles. thus Jupiter drove out the operation of Saturn


because he is contrary to himself throughout, as is evident in the litte ••••• 〈◊〉 according to the astronomers, he who is born under Jupiter {arrives} to all honors because he makes a beautiful face. and the face is greater than the body . whence Jupiter works more in the face • in •• those members And makes a man white mixed with red because that color is pus • rier among others because that color is bloody ¶Also he makes a round beard. because the rotun da figure is the most noble of .ij o . And therefore the head is rotted • while he is loving therefore nurses are wont • to press and rotun the heads of children ¶Also he makes long hair• makes the born hot and humid / the humidity in the heart is the cause of the length of the child. Whence is the surplus and residue of the humidity that comes out through the pores. And therefore those who have long beards are well-groomed and those who eat quickly are a sign good {completion} Likewise, born under joy, good according to the faithful soul, and you add • being desirous of intercourse and well-powered by the grace of heat / powerful in o{per}e by the grace of sufficient humidity and well grasps every detail that he hears. which has capable and sufficiently moist spirits, whence it does not receive moisture because it is therefore well-pleasing when warm and is not

Since Mars is intemperate in heat and dryness, therefore according to this he makes his child red in color with • Adam's burning and darkness as seen in those who have suffered from the sun and has short hair and even mouth eyes and the whole body has a gray and somewhat thick body when • I will be a false soul • inconstant. shameless


irascible traitor he will sow discords and wars, and be proud

Here I will explain about the third planet called Mars. The sign Mars moves under the zodiac in such a way that it completes its course in two years. And it is far from the earth to that part where it is nearer to the earth. A man would come in four hundred and ninety years and eleven weeks and four days. of a man would be nine milesThey are cut because of the hair being dry and frizzy. Hence, those born under Mars have few hairs because of dryness and they have gray or curly hair because of burning. because the red color is caused by the fact that hot acts on the moist, and when it consumes the moist it leaves it dry, as we see when bricks are to be burned {which} before burning they are not red, but afterwards when consumed by the moist they become red, and these born have small eyes because the eye is the member in which moisture prevails because the eye is watery in nature from the outside.


And he loses it

Text
The only thing that regulates the existing star is the light of the world and the eye called na • um under it makes c • rnos and facie pul cram and big eyes. white color with some redness, well bearded & long hair. But according to the soul, as some write, it makes hypocrites and evil just visible in the outer part. And he makes man so that you may know many things according to some, but you will say that you have found some. {that} a person born under that planet is regular. a religion of deep devotion. wise days you will love the good and despise the bad

A comment
It is said of the fourth planet, which is called the sun. Whence the sun is by its nature a hot planet, and therefore heat flows into the body born under it, and it is dry but temperate. Wherefore say things, if the sun is dry like Mars, why do they not flow in and have an effect? heat and dryness, for the sun is virtually moist and not dry except in a temperate manner ¶Also according to the ancients it was said that the sun is the father of the gods, because the sun is the prince ; And after his departure I saw him dry up and the earth become arid and in any sign of ma


not forty days, and it completes its course in 〈◊〉 , and according to the astronomers it is so far from the earth {that} to that part where it is nearer to the earth. a man would come in four hundred and thirty years and in twenty-six weeks and in two days so {that} his diet would be ten thousand .ro that is, under a good appearance, whence the verse Every hypocrite is made a hermit ¶Also he warms the temper of thee, and therefore he makes the one born under him with great wisdom, because heat is at least moderated, the instrument of working virtues from the name, because heat makes spirits capable and willing ¶So they say, what is born under the sun He gladly wishes to be sent to help because he is amorous and jovial, therefore God provides him with every good thing.

Text
¶Venus is a benevolent star and makes the born beautiful and particularly fleshy in the eyes and eyebrows and of a medium stature, while the soul is truly gentle and eloquent, musical, diligent pleasure, joy and love desire

A comment
¶Continues about the fifth planet which is called Venus. 〈◊〉 de venus has several names. First, it is said to be venerable, because the ancients worshiped it because of love .


he brings the evening from the night still following the sun and has a glowing and shining color among the stars And comp ••• his course in three hundred thirty eight days And come ••it is in size as it is one part of the twenty-eight parts of the earth. i {us}. the seventh snow and on one day supposing {that} a man's diet was ten thousand ria. and makes the born luxurious and beautiful because by the grace of heat it makes the born desire it and by the grace of moisture it makes it able to work ¶Also it makes the natural love musical because music is useful for the singers and the lovers themselves. then the person born at that time would not be completely good or completely bad, but would behave in the middle way because the goodness of Venus slows down the malice of Saturn as much as it can, and so it makes a mean there

¶Textus
¶Mercury, whom the astronomers assert to reach the sun, and is contracted from the rays, makes a person born with a slender body, a rather small face, and a beautiful beard. and yet there is not much fortune in him, good counsel prevails, he is truthful, and there is no perverseness on the part of modulation, and he is not a partner, that is, a partner


A comment
¶Here is the sixth planet which is called Mercury. Mercury, like the kyrios of merchants, that is less, because merchants need eloquence, whence Mercury is called the god of eloquence, and completes his course in three hundred and thirty-eight days, thus {which} a little less {than} per annum. And the quantity of mercury is like one part of twenty-two thousand Therefore the star is small in the parts of the earth. And the letter says {that} Mercury is contracted by the rays of the sun.

Likewise, the one born under him loves philosophy because it makes him subtle, and therefore he loves subtle things according to the soul

Also, Mercury makes a talkative man suffer many in firmness, and he is a good counsellor

Text
¶The moon when there is a faster movement. it makes the born a wanderer. true speech of no service. & makes a man jovial. and of average stature, and has unequal eyes, but one larger than the rest

A comment
¶It is executed from the last planet which is called the Moon ¶No such seventh and last


His body is weak and cannot be sustained in any service or office. And {that} the moon moves very quickly is evident because it is an inferior planet. it moves so much faster that the moon completes its course in ·xxvij. days & .vii hours And according to the astronomers it is so far from the earth that a man would come to that part where it is nearer to the earth, that is to say, to the concan or twice on the moon. in xij. years & .lviij. a week and in three days supposing {that} his diet would be ten thousand aria. signs And we see a spot on the moon. and the reason for this, according to the commentator, is that the moon is the body of the fourth heaventhin and rare in the middle densely made of clouds And therefore in the middle because of the rarity the light of the sun cannot reflect and so it penetrates itself in the middle and through this it is clear that you are dark

Text
And knowing {that} the mouths of the stars and other {per}tes of the hearts {per} of his {per}heavenly those offices he divines himself out of what and by whom he thus acts and thus how much they hinder what { us} ē ex{per}te ea{rum} And iō si phas īēt to say that when those who are dca sūt ōīa inferiors are governed by su{per}iob{us} And iō those who are divine sacrifice o & bestial īmolacōe & other that̄ ī the world will not be removed from this heart through his heavenly dance of life and death

A comment
¶ Here the author puts forward that it is notable that it was said before {that} a person born under different planets is ruled and guided in many different ways. ¶Someone would say how or 〈◊〉 they are


arrange the stars in this way. metaphysically And the author • ult {that} by means of ie • nium and the sacrifice of beasts cannot be removed the course of the planets, this is proved because the motion of • eli is always uniform and regular according to ph̄m .vij o . of scientists & always wonderful as it was established by ete •no, therefore, from the eternal or the eternal, it will continue; but he cannot prevent their effect simply because they always act in this way. by these words it might be thought that some one should believe that I am thus caught in a double sin, but what is what?I would like to tell the secret priest of the faith And it is necessary to tell about these planets thus

Text
¶ Here he answers some question that the author can ask


Having said that, it is clear that all things happen out of necessity , because they happen according to the course of the planets, and this cannot be prevented according to the author. Whence all things come to pass by necessity, but he declares this not absolutely, because every effect comes of necessity by virtue of its necessary and infallible causes. as he says Aristotle ij oposterio {rum} but because when matter is indisposed, therefore their effects are hindered {by} accident. patz the error of those who say that all things happen from the necessity of constellations, but let those things which have been said be understood in a brighter light, and that sometimes more fetuses are made in the womb, and more children are born like two twins.

¶The third chapter in which the author deals with the formation of the fetus in the womb. And first he makes a digression from the purpose. not in every way


in vain, therefore, as nature itself has ordained / to absorb bad humors, and to preserve men the better from bad habits

But there is a doubt among many whether the same animals are generated from the seed or from the same seed. For the opinion of Auicenne in the chapter and book of Diluiiis is {that} the evils of the anus are generated from the seed and the sme. And this makes it clear that a universal deluge can still occur, and in such a deluge the hearts of all the living would be broken. and all the living things should become corrupted by the influence of the corpses of the dead, which have become rotten ; and declares the possibility of this to the sense of speaking. A woman's hair should be taken at the time of menstruation and placed under the rich earth where the dung was laid in the time of the harvest. then in fact if •a long and strong serpent will be born from the heat of the sun in the healing summer. He will also beget one similar to himself in appearance through the decision of the seed. And the same thing is made clear in the mouse, which in its time was a kind of mouse made from putrefaction, and she also begat one similar to itself in appearance from the seed. Several reasons can be adduced. to narrate or explain from that matter

Text
¶ Here the author raises a doubt, and this is how he puts his opinion


Auicenne and his reasons. Nota Aicenna put the giver of forms, as is clear from the {commentator} in the twelfth metaphysician and the fourth. And therefore he put it beyond. {that} the divine power, by means of the motion of the planets, can infuse forms and give existence, and then beyond the things generated by putrefaction, those beyond generate others similar to themselves. so also he put it, if the power of the sun on the earth {produces} a planet {that} he can also {produce} by means of fruit and seeda planet ¶Note {that} the hair of menstruating women is very moist and thick and poisonous, and therefore if these are placed under the rich earth in the yeme, moisture and venosity will be generated by the power of the sun and can be turned into {serpents} and thus it is said: } the basilisk is made artificially in the manure from the egg. from whence we came to a rich land filled with moisture. And that makes something fruitful. whence in the dry and dry earth it has no truth. Also in the yeme, when the dung is from within, it is moist and warm enough that the surrounding cold does not permit the innate heat to exhale and withdraw. It is a gross or other mouse generated by the decision of the seed. And it has a larger tail and is very poisonous because the material from which it was produced was very rotten.


ph̄m eighth 〈…〉 thus {pro}priū has actions because 〈…〉 because the act of matter is one thing and the act of matter is another 〈…〉 is said to be metaphysically eighth. And yet 〈…〉 bent will have different forms and materials and through 〈…〉 agency and generation. It is the intention of the eighth scientist that the same animals can be made into a species from seed, etc. when it is made from air and when it is from nature. 〈…〉 differs from Avicenna who says [that] when animals 〈…〉 become seed according to ph̄m this is not true 〈…〉 from him who according to the doctrine of ph̄i in the first chapter {rum}〈…〉 universal is impossible for a creature to be done as much by water. This reason says Albertus 〈…〉 comes from a moistening {constellation) / therefore 〈…〉 moistening looks at one part of the earth then another • 〈◊〉 the earth looks at another because the constellation is drying & 〈◊〉 then it moistens in one {per}te then another dries up in 〈◊〉 {per}te therefore it is impossible what Aucenna says

A comment
¶Here the author criticizes Avicenna and the opinion 〈◊〉 ¶And the well-known reason {commentator {proving) {that} 〈◊〉 is said from the seed specifically so that {that} the agent is 〈◊〉 and the recipient of the saying and then it will be received 〈…〉 {for} paid and generated by rot, so it is {that} the matter 〈◊〉 is another namely seed and rot .


as 〈…〉 ¶Incorporeal •• 〈…〉 by whom 〈…〉 are paid so they 〈…〉 become and generate 〈…〉 six those d • n̄t in appearance ¶Note is impossible 〈…〉universal because they cannot run like this on the planet 〈…〉 the dawn would happen if all the planets 〈…〉 were in this cold sign of Pisces, because that sign is 〈◊〉 cold, therefore the dawn could happen 〈◊〉 in one region that faces that sign and so it does not 〈◊〉 occur except miraculously ¶For it is read {what} was done 〈◊〉universally, because of the malice of men, this has nothing to do with the purpose when we speak naturally . and according to the fire, while the course of the planets, let us answer and say • that they are generated by some kind of seed, and the philosopher gives the cause of this generation, in the fourth chapter, saying that the heat, pushing together, makes a mixed body, which it subtly extracts and leaves behind the gross and it is not absolutely heat, but it is the virtue of the stars and of the heavens .It is born of a certain subtle humidity in which the natural heat acts as a hedge from the part of the sky, what is allotted to the matter in which material form such an animal must be introduced into this humidity ca • or ce


Lestis, as already said, separates it from any gross earthly thing, and according to the intention of the eighth philosopher, metaphysically, this generation is one-way, at least virtually, but not formally. Regarding this, I note that from the same material many imperfect animals are born, just as a fly is born from the dung of a horse. wasps and many similar things are generated of various species and of various colors and figures

subtly generated from the finer part of the matter of putrefaction. But it is doubtful whether that spirit is animate or inanimate. It must be said that that spirit is not


what is done by its kind is done in kind. It is true of one generation, but not equivocal. The reason is that these differ in appearance in the same way that they differ in appearance, so they also differ in shape and in natural color, because these follow form

The cause of the diversity of these animals is the division of the seed in the womb, and this is true principally in perfected animals.


Thus it is gathered that in every cell of the matrix the seed is thus conceived, then there is a mode of generation of many offspring, and that mode of generation with respect to imperfect animals takes a likeness, so that there is something in the place of the matrix and something in the place of the seed. And therefore such humidity is divided by the places of bringing out the fetuses in the rotten ones ¶And therefore such animals multiply.

¶Here the author infers the reason why in some places more children are born, whence there are more because of more offspring {per}ticula{rum} ¶The first is the division of the seeds into cells, and it is not enough that it is ex{per}tum {through} obsiters {which} once the lady weighs the mass of flesh containing seventy figures of men, it is only certain that there are not so many cells of the mother. in intercourse they move themselves too much, and then the seed is scattered around, and then many offspring are produced

And the fact that animals are born long and narrow, and that short, this is from the diversity of {complexion} that from a hot and dry choleric body a long, narrow and slender body is generated. A cold and moist animal is born short and wide, because watery moisture is very expandable and cold


it does not stretch itself much. But from warm and moist blood an animal is born that is intermediate between long and short because of the hot and moist temperature. by accident and by burning, the ainmal is long and very thin, because the ferocity of its heat is greatly extended. and the mediated dryness is attenuated ¶And it is to be noted {that} he is choleric of a crocus color, more frequent And blood-red of a red color And melancholic {us} of a black color. And phlegmatic white color. And those whose nature has been mixed, their quality and color will necessarily be mixed.

A comment
¶ Here the author shows the reason why the animals were born long and short, and it is quite clear in the text. Note, there is no man who is pure choleric or phlegmatic, and so of others, but all are mixed: but one has more of the blood {than} the other, because there is no animal in which the elements are equally dominant, as Auerrois in the first heaven . for if this were true, man would mix with every place, which is impossible


Text
Let us not, however, refer to the previous statements about the generation and formation of the embryo in the maternal womb {ser}monē nostrū {con}uer∣tam{us} and about the mode of exit {us} And first we must see how these three powers of the soul namely the vegetative sen∣ active & intelligent they come to the matter of the fetus in that order .

This is the fourth chapter and is about the creation of the offspring. And first he presupposes certain necessities. Whence he says, in what order, because among these powers is the order of the perfect one and community. And therefore the commentator says first metaphysically in regard to errors {that} at first they are looked upon and taken in the form of universals and afterwards less universals vs {que} to the determinable therefore there is always an order & t̄ Sper∣ma collected in the womb of a woman increases sta∣time when it is infused into him, and when the womb is well closed, but the nourishment is the vegetative power, because when the sperm is cut off by the father or by the progenitor, that vegetative power is released. ij. it is clear that of the soul because of powerIt is said that there are two works, namely, to generate and to feed the plant by which it generates food. an animal is indeed an animal. Whence it is seen that the generative power flows from that soul. then at a subsequent time according to the demand of his nature


the sensible soul is added to matter, and afterwards the soul of that soul by the hope of the world or of that. And those virtues, viz. vegetative and sensible, are distinguished by operations which differ beyond them by means of objects, and those two powers, viz. viz. vegetative and sensuous, are distinguished by operations which are distinctly different from each other by objects. for there is one and the same essence, but not in the same way. Secondly, he says ph̄s .xvi. of aialis embryo p̄ oThe life of the plant lived secondly, the life of the animal thirdly, the life of this or that species. Also in man is added intellectual power, which is not generated from matter but from heaven, and is infused from without, whence is the end and perfection of all existing forms of the underworld. {that} the first life is hidden and hidden means revealing and manifest. The last, indeed, from the hidden and glorious, from the first is the natural sense.

¶This author shows his intent by showing how these three powers come to matter. the generative first generates a fertile film in which it envelops the seed and so {continues} to move itself to the seed of the woman and penetrates into the long, broad and {pro}funda material and begins there vt{us} for the mother to generate pulsating and pulsating spirits & m eo which} generates those pulsating spirits and makes living matter


and it forms the veins and nerves in which those spirits run, whence the pulsating spirits and veins, or at least proportional to it, are found in trees and plants, and then the matter so lives the life of the spirits that vegetate that matter, then it receives that sensitive matter in that matter, and then in man dies things standing under the thinking soul, which is the last material form, through the power of God and heaven, the Intellect is infused and introduced. whence, speaking both scientifically {and} theologically, it is not brought out into the intellect from the power of matter, because the intellect is not a body, nor is virtue in the body, according to the third commentator on the soul, in the fourth and fifth chapters . But speaking theologically, then the soul is the substantial form of the human heart , to be substantial to himself. But Auerrois po ••t {that} the intellect is joined to us only by generation and by a fantastic coupling, as the sailor of the ship {by} the gation of the ship, and supposes {that} there is one thing in all men. And that article is condemned by the church. for those who believe this cannot be saved. created by God, as it appears in z o & ii oabout the soul. Note that form is said to be derived from matter which is extended by the extension of matter, so that the whole is in the whole and the part in thee in extension, as all sensible things in the body of the pedal of the pedal and of the semipedal of the semidal may be the whole in the whole virtually. it seems to be supposed that {that} the power of vegetation • a


let it be for some time in matter for which it is not sensible, that is manifestly true. so {which} is first manifested by the power of this power, that first it appears that the fetus is nourished and grows before it feels and moves

Text
But the time of coming out of the mother's womb is more frequent in the ninth month, but in some in the eighth, some in the tenth, and some in the fifteenth. but what women are wont to give birth in the second period and to miscarry, i.e. they do not produce the nature of man, but some fleshy or milky substance. And this happens to them {for} many reasons, because it is clear that the material of the menstruum is corrupted, if many by too much movement by which the uterus is broken, or because of other evils. place from town to town, and they bring about crimes and many other evils, and they meet more often and struggle with men {because} by movement they are freed from conception;

¶Here the author carries out his intention about the exit of the fetus ¶Note that every fetus that comes out in the ninth month has lived many times, that fetus is well matured and strong enough because the ninth month corresponds to Jupiter . minister & messenger but life consists in


hot and humid ¶Also the author says when •• i • 〈◊〉 the bud comes out in the month and that is not true but 〈◊〉 things are deceived in the calculation because when {and} they conceive one mass of seed and after another fortnight impre They swim, and then they think that they have conceived before. whence that mass, having been previously conceived, is ejected and emitted in time¶ Note that when a child first comes out, then he puts his finger to his mouth out of his natural necessity. I reason that the child from the womb is just as hot from the bath, and then coming to it feels cold, so he puts his finger to the warm mouth.And there is also that very strong vapor which also kills a man because it penetrates to the inner vital members, and because of its scaldness it appears as a burning sensation which hurts more with the blow than with the heat.


the interior where the fetus is found arranged and then 〈◊〉 the whole moist radical and complectional fetus and then the fetus is extinguished. And it must be known that they are not fictitious, because as Albertus recites about the operation and effect of lightning, in the stroke of thunder, when it seems that a stone is poured out on an uninjured and turned foot, and when the hair near the lustful places unharmed limbs, and {that} the stroke of lightning reaches to the interior by this method which God says; the reason for this is that a poisonous snake, struck by lightning, for a few days v oozes and rots, and it is a snake from which the poison is removed by this method impression Again, the sign of faith is the stricken doleū whose wine has stood for some time.

A comment
¶Here the author puts forward some noteworthy points. And it is well known that the sound of the thunder is made when the heat of the sun comes, that is, when the exhaled ones are received hot among the clouds, and there they are driven by the coldness of the cloud, then they split the cloud, and from such a strong movement, the ignition of those exhalations is made, and through the therefore they sin who say that it takes place in the third region of the air because it takes place below the clouds. And there are two movements of thunder, a blow of thunder, and lightning, just as that blow splits a tree, and that is sound, and that does not split but a blow. burn someone's shoe


foot unharmed. I reason because sometimes the lightning retreats so quickly that it does not touch the foot, and sometimes it burns the foot with the shoe while remaining unharmed. I reason because the shoe is a porous substance like all leather. therefore the lightning passes through all the pores of the shoe and finds a resisting foot, therefore it burns it

Text
¶But concerning what has been said, I intend to raise some doubts, the solutions and determinations of which I send to you. ¶The first is. Is it possible that at that time when a man is in intercourse, if the effect of lightning is through every movement, the seed received at the hour of ejection could be received by some new impression by which it is disposed to something else {which} by its nature {perticular}

A comment
¶This raises some doubts. And the first doubt is resolved in this way, as he says {that} lightning in the hour of ejection can prevent the seed from the form {which} the agent intends to destroy because it is possible {that} the lightning has made poisonous matter and so fa∣ He cites it as unfit for the generation of man, so that from that matter toads and other worms are generated, and so it is clear that the light of the first doubt

¶The second doubt is that in the hour of the expulsion from the plane you can be stopped by the lightning itself and that it touched the material itself by threats on the part of the father and mother

¶This raises a third doubt, and it can thus be solved {that} by virtue of the planets {rum} they can be hindered by lightning because the planet

they flow in the same life and being such this lightning
destroys ¶Further it is doubted why this happens better at the beginning of the ejection of the seed {than} at the time of its consequence. that the worse things cannot be hindered because they always act naturally. than it proceeds to the male form, yet so {that} the matter was first disposed to the female form, or disposed of

¶Movet the third doubt And it is resolved in this way that if the matter was disposed to a female form then it could be arranged by a lightning strike into a male and it would be turned over and therefore this could happen and that the solutions are probable he released them

¶ Now let us see, and the teacher of fetn, in which the man should have come out in the eighth month, he seldom lived, for the reason that every fetus naturally tends to rise in the seventh month, and begins to labor in order to come forth, and therefore because he labored in the seventh month, then he was weakened, if if he comes out in the eighth month, he did not live long. But if he comes out in the ninth month, he is healthy, because he rested during the eighth month from the labors done in the seventh month


¶Here the author expounds on the outcome of the fetus in particular ¶Noting that the fetus in the eighth month is ill, this is proved from the text Reason is because Saturn dominates then and that is contrary to the life of the animal because it is cold and dry} A • ia reason It is clear from the text, however, that if the fetus were very strong and had a large hole through which it could come out, it would be able to breathe and come out healthy, but this rarely happens.

Text
¶Where to know {that} in which women} there is greater pain {than} in others{bus} what happened to him when {he} stretched out his hand. when {and} the foot that all things are harmful and then the obstetricians carefully push the fetus back, and from that gene there is great pain, so that many women, unless they have been strong, are weakened, and death happens when, even in childbirth, the woman's hair is corrupted so that these two holes become one, and then the occluders discreetly go in with a kind of revenge, because they push back the womb, and thus the womb is injured and wounded by the fence, therefore it is very necessary in the birth of women that women should be discreetly kept in this work without experience. in some women, when the fetus puts its head forward, then the business goes well, because then the other members follow easily, and thus the birth is easy

Here the author puts forward one thing that is notable and is quite well known


text ¶But it is to be noted that when the fetus is pushed forward by foot or hand it cannot come out well because then it lies on one side and it stimulates the most and then the women really push and pushing back causes the greatest pain and when the woman's vagina is tight and the fetus is large and then a rupture must take place at the anus.

¶But concerning those things which have been said, a doubt arises which is more wonderful than all, namely, whence should the nourishment come to the child lying in the womb, when the womb is shut up. by natural virtue you are hidden in such an embrace.• m that was cut off


from the womb in the mother's womb, with a pendant attached to the side of the womb and hanging in the womb of the womb

¶ Here the author raises some doubts, as is evident in the text of the Note according to Aristotle .x o.metaphysically then that vein and the umbilical cord must be at birth or co-nascencia because the womb of the woman and the umbilical cord of the child are joined by the middle of that vein so {that} food passes to the breasts of the woman to the umbilical cord by means of that vein by means of which food flows equally to all the members from the breasts of the woman. To the animals below, answer here {that} the reason is twofold. The first reason is that if a thousand women hinder the passage below, therefore wise nature has ordered it like this.depends on the heat And that heat extends itself to the udders, that is why they have them in the chest next to the heart. Breasts Therefore, because men do not suffer periods and do not nurture boys, and therefore it is not necessary to have them. But they have very small ones, just as women have very small testicles.And therefore it is not necessary to have them. But they will have very small ones, just as women have very small testicles.And therefore it is not necessary to have them. But they will have very small ones, just as women have very small testicles.


They are of medium strength, but they are better able. Hence they are not very useful, because in them the heat is diffused from one side to the other, and they do not have a lot of heat, and there is bad digestion. nourishment is provided, and therefore women are forbidden to impregnate , in order to protect themselves from the strongest possiblejust as wine is, perhaps, because they cannot digest that drink well, and strong drink is not suitable for a fetus when it is still very thin and weak. A declaration of this kind is of great value for the manifestation of the intent. Whence we know that monsters or sins are called in nature those individual hopes of a person who, in some part of the body, exceed the common course of that species .It happens to be seen in men who have but one foot or only one hand, and so on others. Now this miracle happens in many ways, either from a diminution of matter or from an overabundance. and then when the limbs of the prince must be formed for the child, nature is skilful and ingenuity makes them as complete as possible. error And therefore why the head is sometimes larger than nature requires of that particular individual thus generated


¶Here the author executes his intent on the manner of the genera di monstrae and brings forth a similitude. the heart, the brain, and the testicles, and afterwards the less principal things, such as the hands, feet, and arms; producing others. but the one who intends by nature does not err, because he always intends what is better. But the producer errs when {and}, but this is on the part of the one who gives or lacks, so that monsters are made according to the deficiency in two ways, or according to a discrete amount .. so when is one born with one foot or with four fingers on one hand, or according to a continuous quantity, so is someone with an excessive head or an excessive amount of hands generated. {that} men are born having two heads or six fingers in one hand, and so on from others . I love to see monsters for the sake of admiring them, whence the monsters are, so that they will happen from nature and not by themselves.


He would hold four or three in one hand according to the demands of the material. Likewise, monsters are also mostly produced by celestial influences, because when a special constellation reigns, and they flow from it in different shapes, whence it has been experienced that two twins were born with branches on their backs, having two distinct heads or two arms and distinct hands and no feet

A comment
According to what is to be noted, that according to the intention of the philosopher, every mixture arises from the four elements, and therefore that which is of a fiery nature falls into its likeness, and that which is of the nature of earth falls into its likeness, and so of others from this one would believe & It would be thought that I wanted to say {that} the elements were formally mixed, for this is contrary to the intention of the philosopher in the first place about generation, where he wants {that} only virtuallynt in the mixed way from these it is possible to have some seed {for} pigs reduced from {per}te to someone {us} hindered by a special purpose, for if it was from {per}te earth {it is necessary that reductions be made in the bone {that} the text forms from it.


m̄a mixed in which the qualities of the elements are found, as we see in the mellicrate, which is honey and wine virtually (but not formally) This is proved because the elements are contrary to those things, but they cannot be founded on the same • t is the mind of Aristotle in the fourth part of the philosophers and the author of the six principles namely Gilbert porritani & arrested in p{us} predicamētis & Peter the Spaniard & Boethius in the book of divisions ¶Also the elements of hist distinct bodies are not mixed together in what part, therefore their virtues do not remain. or the mischievous will not retain the whole seed, but scatters it at some time before it collects the whole seed into a mass, then life is occupied and the womb is closed, and thus a little seed is received from which the fetus must be formed. and therefore this is omitted & for menses m •A disordered intercourse works well. from the fact that a male is sometimes in copulation with a female, if then the male lies disorderly at that pore of copulation with the female making a monster in nature. For it is told of a certain woman who lay on her side at the time of intercourse, and the female gave birth to a boy who was lame in one side and lame in the foot.

Here the author shows another way of monsters


Whence is the matrix of monstrousness, and what is the cause of monstrousness, for if it is slippery, whence it is said that it is slippery that which can hardly be held back like an eel or something else like that ¶Also, disordered and violent intercourse is to be avoided to the greatest extent, for the sake of the fetus to be duly produced, lest the seed be perversely received in In the womb And it is known that for such a coitus that is irregular in nature {however rude} he does not take care because the seed cannot be received as it should be as it should be in nature because nature duly and regularly intends to produceIt rests upon the abundance of matter which is opposite to the diminncione, so that many twists and humors appear in the members. heads and sometimes two feet, one of which is much larger than the other and sometimes makes a hump on the chest somewhere on the back

Text
¶This author tells us how from his abundance of matter he becomes a monster, where he wills as a sentence if too much seed is infused into this abundance, and because the matrix is ​​closed, and because then all its matter is transformed into the matter of the fetus, and if then the part from which the fetus must be made the head is too habun giving then there are two heads or three and so on other parts assigned to other members But more wonderful than all these


it is the effect which Albertus recites of one to whom two members of lust were born, one on the part of the man, the other on the part of the woman, so that it could not succumb, that is, to submit, and to succumb, that is, to actively unite. sufficient for the generation of your limbs ¶ Here the author cites a wonderful event about the Hermophore ditis and recites what Albertus saw one h •A woman who is a member of her own body and could act and suffer, not in the same way as in herself, but in relation to another man or woman. secondly, it follows from this that there was so much matter that it could be made of various members, and the male member is always higher and the female lower. Why does nature not produce two green members or two female members? but it is better to order it in this way, because the other would always flow over if he made two males and two females, because whatever one would do, I would kill the other .ū like a rooster and that {proceeds} from a lack of matter. A man like this will keep himself in the talisman.

¶And the name scdm Aui. if the seed falls on the left side of the mother cis, a female is generated If on the right it generates a male Si


in the midst of hermaphrodite {per}ticipās nature vtrius {que} scʐ male and female And from a man so {quam} from a digniori receives the power scdm naturā lʐ hee nature ābe fiāt in himself Recites enī albert{us} about which twins quo{rum } he had one on his right side to protect him wherever he was carried, and the doors of those sides were open and closed. And I am speaking of the nightingale at the doors of the house. by a special arrangement of matter for such an effect that acts of activity are in matter well prepared

¶Here the author puts one notable and quite clear in the text Note on the right side there is greater heat {than} on the left the heart lies on the left and flows heat to the right And therefore on the right side males are generated by the grace of heat and therefore the right part of the heart {through} it is stronger and more vigorous {than} the left, whence the movement is made from the right. ij o . the right foot of the sky is a little larger than the left, and likewise of the right hand, and so of others

¶Also in another way it is clear how the generation of two ramifications takes place on the back, where the seed must be received by the two cells of the mother, and so it can be established that the dividing film corrodes the cells, and so those seeds are joined together in their backs and have distinct heads and distinct hands and also distinct souls and they refuse to be baptized for two men.


to the lower ones. whence is it possible of two twins {that} by force • the clerestis regards the twin on the right side according to such a power according to which it infuses into him the power to open the locks with the same contract because that part of the right side may change the air and he over the lock vs {que} to the opening & those who have such a fence are thieves because they can open the locks ¶There is a note of diversity here because according to which the heavenly power finds matter arranged if it works upon it

Text
And let no one believe {that} these things are fabricated, because in a similar way it happens to be seen in certain stones in which the agent of a special constellation impresses the appearance and form of a man or of another species according to the requirement of the agent, just as it is seen in the fence when the stones are divided, which is done by con And it is not surprising that in the twins when I am in some others it happens where it is possible to find and all the special modes in the monsters can be reduced to two main modes namely because of the disobedience of matter or because of the insufficiency of matter according to Aui∣cenn in the second metaphysically And by disobedience I understand indisposition when matter is not well disposed then it does not obey the agent And by insufficiency I understand diminution or hindrance from the matrix itself

A comment
¶This author answers the question in silence by saying Someone would then say that these are fictions that have been put here, and he says that this is not to be believed.


whence Albertus recites {what} in calumnaea he saw in a certain window a certain stone having the appearance of a king And then a great king must have been born from whence in many stones the face of a man is figured And through those stones various medicines are made whence if any one were in the sun in fishes He was able to summon the fish in the water, and this is at a fixed time.

Text
And if someone were to say and argue that if monsters could be made, it would follow {that} nature could have its own end because it always tends to act regularly. {that} the privations of his actions had ends, and therefore there is no instance of hunger and death, because these are not in the temptation of {particular} nature, but of him who rules this. nature

A comment
¶This author puts forward an objection or instance and solves in the text that a note that aims regularly to produce can be hindered by a particular nature. prejudice because it gives power to be better {than} not to be

〈1 page duplicate〉

〈1 page duplicate〉


They know how to arrange omens very well. And it is called intelligence that does not err. whence from the first heaven all death is corruption. for example , strength and weakness are beyond nature

¶The intention of our discourse is sufficient for the present, where now the present doctrine is to be considered more completely . it is a sign {that} he conceived

¶This author determines about the signs of conception. The reason for the first sign is that when a woman conceives, then the natural heat gathers for the formation of the fetus, therefore cold is left in the limbs. because heat naturally passes to the stomach by altering the food, therefore it is not necessary to study after a meal. because at that time the vital spirits run to the brain itself , finding it there , and in feverish people who have thick fluids in their stomachs, which the natural heat aims to digest and goes to the stomach, therefore they suffer from feverish colds, and from the heat retreating from the stomach, they suffer great heat

¶Another sign is if a woman emits a few seeds or there is no sign {that} she has conceived

¶ Here the author puts the second sign of conception, as is evident in the text, and assigns it to the reason that the matrix is ​​closed


and does not allow the seed to pass and withdraw ¶Note {that} women who are most delighted in intercourse can ejaculate and not conceive, but this does not apply to the elderly. Likewise, at the time of copulation and conception, the nature of the seed retains from the mitra.It is a sign of the mother that the woman has conceived. The reason for this sign is that when a woman has conceived, then the menstruum turns the fetus into milk and the mother's mouth is filled with heat. And then it happens pain in the legs because the spirits are closed if they pass to the legs and vegetate the legs

Another sign is that if the color of the face changes beyond the usual manner, it will gladly become red after conception by the grace of heat. Likewise, if it desires other food, now earth, now coals, now apples, not ripe or cherry, is a sign of conception. This is a sign that after conception many


the gross, indigestible humors ascend the brain, and they stir up the appetite of some of the like. because if they are very hot, then coals are desired. If those fluids are very cold and moist, then pears or unripe apples and the like are desired, because everything like it applauds its like. the following truths, because at the time of conception the color of the male's face is red and his movements are light

¶This author places six signs in the number of whether a male is conceived or a female. The reason for that first sign is because red heat is the sign of a great color. the principle of movement

Another sign is if the belly is swollen on the right side and rounded, it is a sign of a male. so {as} in {per} you are stronger and hotter And the belly is rounded because it is extended and enlarged

Another sign is if the milk flowing from the udder is thick and well-digested, so that if it is placed on a body that is clean and strained, it will not be divided, but the parts will remain firm and not flow. This is a sign of a male. The reason for this sign is that it has hardened and he pressed in the thickening. whence heat has many works. for it makes the rein harder and under the linden, and also corrupts the wet and brings in the dry


¶Another sign if a woman's milk impregnates you • pours you on her penis if she asks for the bottom directly this is a perpendicular∣right sign of a male

¶The cause of this fourth sign is if he asks for the bottom directly h o is a sign {which} is well hardened and unscalded by natural heat. whence the perpendicular is the straight line of Latamorū with which they measure and consider the length of the object and establish two right angles on the base on which it falls

The reason for this fifth sign is that if the breasts are warm, the heat causes the salt to become solid. whence the salt, by the grace of heat, consists in parts. Whence salt is generated from coarse water, and much boiled up, so that there is special water for salt, whence the heat of the fire extracts the finer parts from the water, and causes those parts to exhale, and then the coarser and coarser terrestrial parts of the ground remain there, and they are made solid by the heat, and this is a sign of {which} in the rainy season the salt melts in the dish, whence if the salt should be dissolved into matter and form it is dissolved into water and so is dissolved ;

Another sign is if the woman first moves her right foot to indicate whether it is male. On the contrary, if a female is conceived then the woman is tall and pale and the belly is oblong on the right side and round on the left and the milk is less crit undigested liquid and watery and runny over the body • the lop is divided by its p • rs on the side ¶Also another thing experiment

which I know to be true and experienced, if any one wishes to know whether a woman is impregnated or not , he
will not let her drink honeydew if she then feels prickings around the womb when she then conceives . it is done in this manner {that} two spoonfuls of water and one of honey should be taken in this proportion and mixed together and given to the woman to drink. she is asked for a pain in the head or in another part of the body, as they usually do, then the man must say that it is effective against such pain, and then in the morning he must say whether you have pain in another part. And if about the navel, then the judgment of conceptionis indicated

This author puts forward a good sign of a simple conception and a true experience which is evident in the text. Whence it is known {that} the reason for this experiment is that honey blocks the nerves and veins and from it pain is generated around the navel. And the fish is the worst because of its viscosities, whence the sweetness floats over the stomach.

¶After this some signs of corruption are to be noted


According to what is to be noted {that} sometimes virgins are severely corrupted, so {that} their vultures are greatly enlarged because the male member is too large and unfit. the cause of the pain is because a certain film is broken between the vulvar and the skin . And the more they come together, the more they are strengthened

A comment
¶ Here the author speaks of the corrupt signs of chastity, and it is quite clear in the text. therefore the virgin elk is trembling {like} the unulier ¶Note, if you want to go out there, make sure that the flowers of the lily and the crocus, which are among the white flowers, are corrupted and powdered to melt upon a certain herb called papel de ma∣ne, if it be dry it is corrupted to you. but if the virgin is a green man' and is not corrupted, or take a fruit of lettuce and put it before her nostrils, if it is then plucked, she will immediately urinate.

Text
These are the signs of chastity. shame • erection. you die with chastity. & speech with what contempt he applied himself to men and men, so that the young man knew how to obey them so shrewdly, and that he should turn to the virgins, that the virgins' virginity is clear and bright when •• z


sometimes white and gray But if it is of a golden color, bright and weighty, it signifies the spirit of coming together, that is the appetite. and the man's sperm appears in the discharge of such a woman . It is a notion where prudent women know how to guard themselves and are separated from men during the time of their menstrual flow.

A comment
¶This author expounds on the signs of chastity. the digestion is done, and he must see that the vrina has not been varied by disease or nutrition, so the gros is noted in the vrina. secondly, in the middle, there are considered the middle members, namely, the kidneys and the heart; but the third region is the lower vrine, where the testicles, the loins, and the womb are considered, therefore the letter says. the sperm always appears at the bottom because of its weight.


Porous of the body and the city is susceptible. such material is poisonous

Now it is to be noted that ancient women in whom the menses flow, and some in whom the menses are net, so that if they infect children lying in their cradles, they intoxicate their eyes, the cause of this appears in women. with which the menses flow, because at the time of the flow the fluids which move through the whole body p̄ oit infects the eyes and with infected eyes the air is most infected and then that air infects the child and that is about the intention of the philosopher about sleep and wakefulness. they are already deficient in the natural heat of nature and digesting such matter, and especially if they have been poor, so {that} they are nourished by food and gross nourishment which works to infect such matter.

¶Here the author states something remarkable and clear in the text ¶Notable fluids of evil go out through the eyes better {than} through any other member because the eye is watery from the second of it


which is clear if it is compressed, it tears, and therefore many women also tear because they have a lot of moisture that comes out of the eye. when he arrives at the object and there is a reverberation of the bad humor, he first works because every act is done with some resistance because that infection happens circularly because if not then only the woman would be infected according to one difference of the position of the place not according to all therefore the children are easily intoxicated .but the woman thought so much of the evils that certain evil humors were generated in the spirits of the eins, and they came out through the eye, and the camel wanting to escape them fell into the pit. if the humors were beaten to the eye of the basalist, then he himself would die • he would be killed Another reason is that they were accustomed to eat poison, so that it was their food.


Text
And since it has been said of menses, let us proceed to the place of menses, that is to say, to the womb, and let us see how many accidents there are around it. for a woman, and that happened when the matrix was removed from its proper place, then, from the coldness of the heart, when such women came to terms, that is weakness of the heart. He tells of a certain woman suffering from suffocation by her mother on the head, for Galien, the great physician, saw that for that reason she was only relieved because she could not speak and fell as if she were dead because she had no sign of life.

And Galienus, coming over, considered the cause, and freed the woman from suffering. Remedies {and} are sought for such matter to be expelled and expedient in young men, because moisture abounds in them, and this is the reason why young women, when they begin to mate


they are greatly influenced before they conceive, and they have no concern for their weight, because care, as the philosopher says in the Secrets of Secrets, causes many to grow old, which is not seen in them . and for this reason it is a sin to withdraw the virgins, and to forbid intercourse with him whom he loves, although it may be a sin in morals, of which there is nothing to the purpose of hearing in the co-confession of society . {that} then he himself, having finished intercourse, found his belly filled with blood up to the navel, and he was greatly afraid, because he did not know the cause, and he did not dare to withdraw himself from the young man .because of the great love between them. And therefore when the menstrual flow is beneficial to a woman and when it is harmful according to whether the matter is more or less abundant.

¶Here the author is executed on the impediments of conception. The symptoms of suffocation of the womb are caused by the fact that the womb is removed against the heart, and then a great coldness extends to the heart, so that the heart suffers syncope . And he says that it is with ignorance, as if with ignorance or weakness of heart. and it is called ecstasy by another name, and that passion happens mostly to widows who formerly had husbands and no longer have husbands. whence their months perish in the womb &


gross fluids are generated which generate weakness in the heart, and therefore intercourse is of great value to them

¶Now, let's talk about the impediments to conception. whence the circumscribed orifice of the womb constricts her and does not allow the man's seed to enter. Whence is this knowledge of women whose kidneys are buried and hidden in fat from all sides? And therefore in a short time, if after copulation the vagina of such a woman is seen, it will be evident whether the seed of the man has been collected in her womb or not.if so, then her vagina is unclean because of mixing with the man. If not, then it will appear again {that} the vagina does not completely expel that seed because if they are hot then it exhales with its own heat. The seed cannot be retained within. And it comes from many other causes, of which no mention is made at present

¶This author makes a certain remark, as is evident in the text.


the conception is hindered principally because the agent and the patient must be proportioned from the second subject of the soul, that is, under a certain and determined combination, whereby each does not act on each, or each does not become from each the first of generation, &c.

Text
¶And it is also to be noted {that} conception is hindered from the side of the plant by a fence, so that {that} the seed it sends forth is too thin like water. so {that} if he infuses the mother then it will slip away with his own liquidity. } if in this way it is known whether there is a defect on the part of the man or the woman, two pots are taken and put into the other pot.


A comment
¶Here the author puts one notable thing, which is clear in the text ¶Note, if you want to examine, take some of the man's sperm and put it in water, and if it tends to the bottom, it is a sign {that} the man's sperm is not in failure of conception. Glosa, because it is well-digested, and the spies, therefore asks for a farm ¶No, women who copulate with a hedge for the sake of that pleasure produce weak offspring, therefore abstain from copulation, then you will be maddened by the gene of strong boys and men, because there is enough seed for you, and one brother can properly be stronger Another well-known reason for the experiment is that if the man's seed is too thin, it quickly turns into worms and does not have the strength to resist the action of the heavenly body, whence this moisture, which is not dense at the bottom and well hardened, quickly alters

If any man, therefore, wishes to impregnate a woman and conceive a male, let him take the womb of a hare and its entrails, and cause it to be dried and reduce it to powder, and the woman shall drink it mixed with wine. and then she will conceive a male child. ¶Also let him take the fat of a little pig and the testicles and dry it and also reduce it and give it to drink to the male and the female.


Text
¶Another chapter in which the author teaches how a woman should be helped to conceive, and especially to conceive a male. They are of very good utility. And they are forbidden by the Jews, because one Jew was changed into his own, and therefore they do not want to eat their mother's flesh. to be done at the end of the menses, when the matrix is ​​dry, and somewhat warmer during the retreat of the cold menses.Likewise, if he takes the skin of a hare, and the pus is mixed with liquid honey, and he takes the heart of a tanner, and they equally take the boil, and so a woman will take in one seven timanas, so {that} at one time p• us {as} at another time he will receive and conceive ¶Also a woman must be warm and bo. he must be intoxicated in a certain way and rubbed well, and he must take care that the washed legs do not hinder the semen, so that he must quickly apply himself to labor to retain it, and sleep immediately after it, and without a doubt he will conceive

¶And this document is to be observed, namely, when someone perceives that a woman has conceived {which} she does not name in the pre


the essence of a woman is something of the rare foods to which a woman's appetite might be inclined unless she can pursue her will, because if such a woman could in no way have what she demanded, she would have occasion to be repulsed because of the opposite dis∣position of the appetite. when the women desire coals or something similar to be served to them.

For I saw a certain woman who, having been impaled, had a fresh apple, and when she could not have it, she fell to her bed. And in the following day and night she tasted nothing, neither bread nor drink. {that} it would be poisonous to give the apple of a mouse that is seen in a fever like that. and in that part they were deceived; but at that time she was impregnated by the want of apples, and she was much neglected, to the extent that the fetus had previouslyWhen the appointed time arrived, he came out dead, during which the woman labored for three days and nights, and before the exit she let out blood through the nostrils for two days and a night, but that blood was menstrual, and the fetus was a sign of corruption. Yep. for with the menses flowing it is impossible for the fetus to be healthy; therefore, all those who impregnate must be shunned among all those who impregnate .


let them be guarded and moved moderately, and they should be served soft and light food, and everything should be followed according to their appetite

¶This author places two documents in the whole text already recited and they are quite clear in the text

Text
¶But before we turn our conversation to other things ¶It should be noted that there is one significant sign that occurs for the conception of a male existing in the mother's womb, and that is that he takes clean water from a clear and pure spring and {provides} for himself in • no drops of blood or milk from on the right hand of the woman, and so he pours a drop of that water; if then that drop sinks to the bottom, it is a sign of a male. If the upper one is taut, it is a sign of a female. Likewise, if the right breast is larger, the left is impregnated with a male. If the left is larger, it bears a female.

A comment
¶This author puts it according to the document ¶And it is well known that when a woman has conceived, then she is weakened and varied by the grace of the fetus conceived in her, and therefore whatever she desires is given to her, and if not then pain occurs because the appetite does not produce because the will delights in pursuing what he loves, whence he desires nothing unless he is animated, as is clear from the third philosopher on the soul and from the commentator Auer

• oim tercio: ethi. that the will is the appetite understood, and is always of the good, implicitly or apparently, whence all things desire the good, is clear from the definition of good given by Ristotiles. at the beginning of the first ethics, saying that it is good that all things desire

¶Note {that} after conception when menstruation flows, this is a sign of the destruction of the fetus because the fetus must be nourished by the menstrual flow, but if it flows a little due to purging, the fetus will be suffocated by nature, this is beneficial

But before we put an end to what has been said, let us put an end to our doctrine . it does not yield to anything else

According to what should be noted {that} such is the inodus of the nurse {that} first the food chewed in the mouth is directed from the mouth to the stomach, and there the first digestion takes place, and there the pure of the earth is separated from the impure of the earth. seces∣sum But this pure water is further directed to the epar and there the second digestion takes place and then again there the pure water is separated from the impure water and the impure water is directed to the bladder and further through the mixture


But the pure is sent to the heart, and there the third division takes place, and the pure is separated from the impure

Impurity is directed to the seminal vessels and from it the sperm in the man and in the woman menstruate. The pure is separated from the impure. The impure is emitted by sweats and by scalds and the like. But this pure is turned and congealed into the substance of the breath . It is then called augmentation.conver∣ting food into food

¶This author proceeds from the last movement of this book And shows the method of sperm generation humid therefore oʐ be restored to heat lest it be consumed by the moist radical And so death would follow qr {con}consumed • the moist radical in which life {consists} is of no use to medicine


However, it must be noted that one individual can live for a year or more with some medicine, as he has experienced, but this cannot be done with the common course. Chewing is known as a kind of grinding of food made by the teeth, and nature has thus arranged the sharp teeth in the anterior part, that they may well divide the food. but in the end he ordered the la tos because of mastication

Text
¶But from these things which have been said, there arises a doubt whether a certain heat acts upon the moisture itself by consuming it with the aid of the reason of heat in it as natural heat. methe about the operation in so far as it activates {rum} The first operation of heat in so far as it has heat to dissolve and exhale homogeneity and eutrogenia because if a mass of gold and silver is taken The philosopher spoke a second time about generation where he says {that} determined heat acts only {when} the organ scʐ itself cares or beepsbut the heat in that which is natural has in itself the formative power of any thing or the nature of which heat is said to be natural. the force of the seed is in turn met

A comment
¶Here the author puts one doubt and it is quite clear in the text ¶It is well known that heat does not cause digestion in an animal


heat, but inasmuch as it is well regulated by the soul, and some of the ancients erred in saying {that} there was no trinity in the planets, and in the upper part it was from fire, and in the lower part it was from the earth, this is not valid, because Aristotle says secondly about the soul if it were so then the mixture would quickly dissolve. For what do the elements contain in a mixture but the soul? from the soul is the principle of all actions; but heat or spirits are instruments because they are in the power of the soul and not in the power of the self

Having said these things, let us put an end to this, and give thanks to God, who enlightens our understanding in this work and in others, and therefore I ask to come from those who have been left out, and for the help of God, that by the grace from which all wisdom arose, and the eternal life to which the almighty and glorious God gives us all He who lives and reigns with the father and the holy spirit, and in whom is the highest pleasure. you are safe tranquility hilarity & sme at the end of eternity. He exists among all the saints throughout the infinite ages of ages

AMEN
The ends of this treatise of the venerable Albert the Great explain the secrets of women