A Caveat for Alchemists

Gabriel Plattes, A Caveat for Alchemists, or, A warning to all ingenious gentlemen, whether laymen or clerics, that study for the finding out of the philosophers' stone; showing how that they need not be cheated of their estates, either by the persuasion of others, or by their own idle conceits. Contained in the compendium Chymical, medicinal, and surgical addresses: made to Samuel Hartlib

London: Printed by G. Dawson for Giles Calvert.

1655

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The first chapter.

Whereas I am shortly to demonstrate before the High and Honorable Court of Parliament in England, that there is such a thing feasible as the philosophers' stone; or to speak more properly, an art in the transmutation of metals, which will cause many a thousand men to undo and beggar themselves, in the searching for the same: I cannot choose but to publish these advertisements, for that is a fundamental point in my religion, to do good to all men, as well enemies as friends: If I could be satisfied, that the publishing thereof, would do more good than hurt;

then the world should have it in plain terms, and as plain as an apothecaries receipt: But in regard that I have often vowed to God Almighty upon my knees, to do the greatest good with it, that my understanding could persuade me unto, I have craved the advice of the Honorable Parliament, for that I have strongly conceived an opinion, that by the well contriving of the use of it, the worlds ill manners may be changed into better: if this can be done, then I should break my vow to God, if I should not do my best endeavours, and therefore I dare not to cheat God Almighty (having obtained this blessed science of his free gift) and go into a corner, and there eat, drink and sleep like a swine, as many have done before me, upon whom this blessed knowledge, has been unworthily bestowed: but had rather improve it to his glory, if my counsel craved shall so think fit.

But howsoever my meaning is to do some considerable good with it howsoever, that is, to make my self a sea-mark, to the end, that no ingenious gentleman shall from henceforth be undone by the searching for this noble art, as many have heretofore been

Therefore my first Caveat shall be to show, that no man needs to be damned above the value of 20 shillings to try whether he be in a right way to it, or not.

The second Caveat shall be, to show a way how to try whether any wandering alchemist, that promises golden mountains, knows anything or not.

The third Caveat shall be, to show how any man's judgment ought to be grounded by a concordance of the best books, before he falls to practices.

The fourth Caveat shall be, to show which are false books, and which are true ones, to the end that every student in this excellent art, may trouble himself with fewer books, till he has made a concordance, and has gathered the same out of the enigmatical discourses, and hieroglyphical figures, wherein this art is hidden, and never to be found in plain terms, nor written plainly in any receipt.

Well for the first Caveat, that no man needs to be damned above 20 shillings to know whether he be in a right way, or not, let him be pleased to consider, that without the putrefaction of one, there can be no generation of another ; as in all other sublunary bodies, as well as animals as vegetables, right so in minerals and metals.

Therefore he that cannot take one ounce of the filings of copper, or any other base metal, and by an ingenious addition of a mineral moisture of the same kind, putrefy the same in a few months, and make it totally volatile, except a few feces of no considerable weight, then he is out of the way, and is not to meddle with gold or silver, or any thing of great price: for he shall never obtain his desire, (though he spend his whole life, time and estate

Also he that has not gathered a concordance, by reading of books, which cannot be controlled by human wit, is not fit to begin to practice this noble Art, and not in one part thereof, but in six several parts, which are these that follow.

First, it is clear that he must have a mineral spirit, before he can dissolve a mineral body, or else he will work out of kind; and if he thinks that quicksilver, which is sold at the apothecaries shops, is this mineral spirit, then he is deceived, and will find it to be so: but the truth is, that if Nature had not created quicksilver, this Art could never have been found; not that it can be made the philosophical dissolvent, by any preparation whatsoever, but without it the first dissolvent (for there are three) cannot be gotten: for it only has power to separate this mineral spirit, from a crude mineral, taken from the mine, which the fire has never touched, and no other thing under heaven can do it else, no more than any creature besides a bee, can extract honey out of a flower.

Secondly, that he must know the secret of dissolution, (which is not by the common way used by alchemists, but by the way meant by Bernardus Count Trevisanus, where he says, this way of dissolving is known to very few to very few]: and I know not one alchemist this day, nor ever did, to whom, if I should have given him the true dissolvent in one hand, which is a ponderous bright water, and the dissolving [thing dissolved] in the other hand, which is a powder, or filings of metal: yet he knew not how to dissolve it.

Thirdly, he must know what is meant by the hollow oak, a comparison not very unfit for the furnace, wherein this secret of dissolution,

Fourthly, he must know the reason and manner of refixing his bodies when he has made them volatile, by this secret way of dissolution.

Fifthly, he must know the secret of projection, which has beguiled many, when by their great charges study and labor, they have made the philosophers stone, so that they could make no use of it. For when it is mingled with the imperfect metals, yea, though prepared philosophically, not vulgarly, yet there is another thing to be done, before the metal transmuted goes to the test, or else all is lost: and if any one will not believe me, let him read the books of Raymundus Lullius, and he shall find in three several places, in several books, that after projection, the matter must be put in ashes, in a long vessel, but he also says, you do not understand that you put lead in ashes: for there is something to be separated by the art of the philosopher, before the lead comes to do his duty, or else all will be gone according to the saying: everything is turned into smoke smoke, whatever the inept will do].

Sixthly, he must know the fire, and the regiment thereof; and also the nature, which is to be gentle, continual, compassing round about the matter, and not burning it.

And now that I have shown what an artist must know, or else all his labor and charge is lost, I wish every man to consider what a hazard he undergoes, if he meddle without the knowledge of these six secrets, for so much as he may very well fail, though he has them, I mean, though he has the theory, yet he may fail in the practice.

Therefore if any smoke seller, or wandering alchemist, shall come to any ingenious gentleman that studies this Art, though he brings with him a recipe that promises golden mountains, and makes an affidavit, I mean that searches never so deeply, that he has done it , or seen it done, which is a common trick among wandering alchemists: believe him not, unless he can satisfy you concerning all the six formerly mentioned secrets, for if you do believe him having not that knowledge, I will give my word for him , that he shall cozen you. For there is but one way, one only operation [one only way, one only operation], to accomplish any work in alchemy, which is as hard to be found, as the way to heaven in this world, where there are an hundred religions, or rather an hundred sects of religion, wherein the true religion is smothered and bemisted, even as the way to make the philosophers stone is, by the idle conceits of men, that are ruled by opinion, more than by knowledge.

As for example, Petrus Bonus of Ferrara, a great learned man, and a Doctor of the chair of an University, wrote a book called Margarita Pretiosa, and penned it most admirably, concerning the Philosophers stone, and the way to make it; and when he had done, he confessed that he had never made it, yet he guessed indifferently well, but all his directions are not worth a button. I would give an impression of his books away freely, that I had his school-learning, but as for his knowledge, I would not give two pence: whereby it may be seen how easily wise men may be deceived, and therefore let fools look about them before they attempt this noble science.

Also one Gaston Dulco Claveus, a great champion that quarreled with all opponents of this sacred art, and wrote a book, which is greatly esteemed by alchemists, and seemed very rational to all those, which have not the practice, wherein he defended the truth of this art by 32 arguments, and many experiments, which are all false, upon my certain knowledge, and if my purse could speak it, should swear it.

And many others have written upon this subject, which knew nothing but what they had collected out of books, to what end, I do not know, unless it were to draw other learned men unto them, thinking to gain some knowledge by their conference.

Also another, whose name I have forgotten (for it is a great while since I read any books) wrote a book entitled 'De interitu alchymie', which is as foolish as any of the other, unless that when all his hopes were at an end, he thought that some man would have come unto him, and refuted him, by showing him the experience of it.

Well, thus much for false books; now as for true ones, I could name many, that could not be written, but by those that had made certain trial of the work; but for brevity's sake, and to keep this book within the price promised, viz. two pence, I will name only four, viz. The Compound of Alchymie, written by George Ripley, The Hieroglyphical Figures of Nicholas Flamel, whose body lies buried in Paris: The works of Raymond Lullius; The two books of Bernardus Count Trevisanus: These four men showed by their actions, that they had the art of the transmutation of metals. For George Ripley, maintained an army of soldiers at Rhodes against the Turks, at his own charge: Nicholas Flamel built up seven churches, and seven hospitals at Paris, and endowed them with good revenues, which may be easily provided: Raymond Lullius made gold in the Tower of London, to furnish an army to go against the Turks: Bernardus Count Trevisanus, recovered his Earldom again, which he had formerly spent in the seeking of this art. And now I think, I hear every one demanding, how shall we do to find out this great secret.

But Geber an Arabian prince, and a famous philosopher shall answer in his own words, viz. not through reading books, but through immense knowledge, through deep imagination, and through assiduous practice [Not through reading books, but through immense thought, profound imagination and assiduous practice]: and when all this is done; he concludes, that is the gift of the most high God, who bestows or withholds it from whom he wills [it is the gift of the most high God, who bestows or withholds it from whom he will].

Well now I think I hear the couzening alchemists, saying, what shall we do now, we have no other living. To which I answer, that I would gladly rid the world of cheaters if I could: but if they must need couzen, then let them trade with those that have so little love to art, that they cannot afford to read this book, to defend themselves, and that will improve the wits of the world very much, so that it may possibly do more good than hurt: for the truth is that the world is unhappy, only for want of wit, which I have demonstrated in a little book lately printed, which shows how any kingdom may live in great plenty, prosperity, health, peace and happiness, and the King and Governors may live in great honor and riches, and not have half so much trouble, as is usual in these times, and if any one shall be cheated, and lay the fault upon me for discovering of cheats in this book, I cannot help it: for he that is willing to do good, must needs do some hurt, unless men were angels. But in this case I see not but my action is justifiable: for first, I have given every one an antidote against cheating, and if they will not take it, let them be cheated, and then I will show them a way to recover their losses, by an experiment tried upon myself: for till I was soundly cheated of several hundred pounds, I thought myself to be a very knowing man: but then I found that I was a fool, and so disdained not to learn wit at anybody's hands that could teach me, whereby I attained a considerable quantity of knowledge, which I will not give or change, for any mans estate whatsoever; but though I sped so well by being cheated, yet I wish all others to take heed, for fear at least that their fortunes prove not so good as mine.

The Second Chapter.

Whereas I have professed myself to be an anti-cheater, it behoves me to discover the several ways whereby the world is so universally cheated by the cozening alchemists: and therefore though I could discover fourscore cheats, yet at this time I will only discover four grand ones, and so I conclude.

The first Cheat.

The first shall be to uncover the knavery of Kelly the grand impostor of the world, whom the Emperor of Germany kept prisoner in a castle, and maintained him honorably, thinking either by fair means or by foul, to get the philosophers' stone out of him, who God knows had it not but made divers cozening projections before great men, which by the report thereof, have caused many to spend all that ever they had; and it cannot be well estimated, how many hundred thousand pounds have been spent in Europe about it, since that time, more than before.

And thus one of his projections was made before three great men sent over by Queen Elizabeth, to see the truth of the business. He gave order to them to buy a warming pan, which they did accordingly, and brought it to him; he took a pair of compasses, and marked out a round plate in the middle of the cover thereof, and with a round chisel he took out the piece; then he put it in the fire, and when it was red hot, he put a little powder upon it, which flowed all over it, and made it look like to gold, which is an easy matter to be done: but when he came to fit it to the hole, he had a piece of good gold, taken out of a plate of gold by the compasses, not altered, and this by a trick of legerdemain, or slight of hand (a thing common, for I have known a porter that could have done it) he conveyed into the place, and delivered the warming pan into the hands of the spectators, who brought it into England, and the noise thereof made almost all men's ears to tingle, and their fingers to itch , till they were at the business, and raised the price of alchemy books fearfully. Now if he had meant plain dealing, he would have given them some of his powder home to their lodging, that they might have done the like again themselves at home, but he neither offered it, neither did they desire it, at which I marvel : for if he had denied that, as it is like that he would, then the knavery had been presently discovered, so that this false news had not been brought into England, whereby many men have received great loss.

Some have reported that he clipped out a shard with a pair of goldsmiths shears, and then he took a little more time, and cast one of gold like to it, which is easily done: whethersoever he did, the whole scope of the business argues cheating, and his meaning was nothing else, but by either of these ways, to make the spectators to be less suspicious; like to a juggler that folds up his sleeves for the like purpose. But admit that he had the true philosophers' stone, and that the body of a metal might be altered by it, and turned into true gold, without reduction of it to the first matter, which is altogether impossible: yet he was a detestable villain to publish it in such a manner, to the great damage of so many men as were thereby irritated to undo themselves, and not to give them some advertisements, like to these in this book, whereby they might be preserved from undergoing any considerable loss.

But the old saying proved true, as you live your life, so will be your end: he lost his ears in London for cheating, when he was a young couzener; and when he was grown too skilful to be discovered by men, then God Almighty took punishment of him; for he bought as much linen cloth, pretending to make shirts and other things, as he thought would serve to let him down to the ground out at a window in the Tower of the Castle, wherein he was a prisoner; and whether his hold slipped, or the cloth was too short, I could never learn certainly; but it is certain that he fell down and broke his bones, and died, and there was an end of him.

The Second Cheat.

A nobleman in England thought that he had a transmutation of copper into silver shown to him, and thus the cheat was done. First, the cheater made two ingots of copper both alike, then he filed one of them into two equal parts, or very near the middle; then he got a piece of silver fashioned like to the longer end, but a little longer; then he got a silversmith to let the one into the other curiously, and solder it so, that the piercing could not be discerned, but that it appeared plainly to be one piece of metal, only of two colors, to wit, white and red : then he painted it all over with a color made of copper, as is hereafter declared; then he dried it, and painted it over three times or more, till the color was equal to the other, when this was done he brought that which was all copper to the Earl, and prayed him to file it at both ends, which was come; then he took it, and went to fetch his white powder, and a very little thereof, being made like to a painters colour, with a little vinegar, he prayed the Earl to paint it half way over, and so it was done: the Earl supposing he had painted the same ingot, which he formerly filed at both the ends: well, then it was dried, and put into a cast of well tempered clay, and when the clay was dry, it was put into the fire, and there being heated by a little and little, till it was red hot, and not melted at all, it was left red hot till the charcoals were almost burnt out, which was done in a short space; then it was taken out and made clean, and that half which was anointed with the alchemists' white philosophers' stone, was transmuted into better silver, than ever any alchemist, or yet the best philosopher in the world, did ever make; for it was all fine silver, without any waste at all, which was considerable before the refining: but if he had meant plain dealing, he would have divided his white powder into two equal parts, and have made his ingots but half so big, and would have done the first part himself before the Earl, and would have left him to do the other part himself in his absence, but this he neither offered, nor did the Earl desire it, whereas I marvel.

This ingot was shown to many, and caused many a thousand pounds to be spent, some by the said Earl, and some by others, that were thereby encouraged, and no doubt but that he had a great reward for cousing him; for great men will have honorable rewards to a man, that can satisfy them in the truth of this art, and that they are satisfied fully, so long as the deception is not discovered.

Now as for the making of the copper color, it might be thus done. Take filings of copper, and twice as much quicksilver, and grind them upon a painter's marble stone, with a little salt and vinegar, and they will come into a mass, then wash away the salt and vinegar with common water, till the mass be bright as silver, but soft; then set it in a gentle heat all night, and it will be hard, then grind it with a little more quicksilver, not too much to make it very liquid, and set it in a gentle heat again till it be very hard, and this work repeat, till it will drink up no more quicksilver, then are the filings burst into atoms; then evaporate the quicksilver in a crucible, with a gentle heat first, and afterwards, make it red hot, so will the copper be in red powder; this red powder must be stamped in a marble mortar, with warm water, and ever as the water is colored red, it must be poured of into a great jar glass, and new water put to it, and so the work must be reiterated, till it will color the water no more, then let the water stand a night, till the color be settled to the bottom, then pour off the clear water, and dry the rest in the Sun, or in any gentle heat, and it will be as fine as any fine wheat flower, which must be ground upon a painter's marble stone, with gum-water, till a painter may paint with it.

The Third Cheat.

An alchemist traveled with this cheat into many kingdoms and countries, and it may be done by one who has not the art of legerdemain, or slight of hand; and thus it was done. He filed a twenty shilling piece of gold into dust, and put it into the bottom of a crucible, or a goldsmith's melting pot, then he made a thin leaf of wax of a fit breadth, and rammed it down a little hollow in the middle , and with a hot iron soldered it, then he painted it over with a paint hereafter mentioned, and dried it, and painted it again, and thus did till it was like the crucible.

When he wanted money, he would go to a rich hostess in some city, and take a room for a week, and when he had been there a day or two, and had paid royally, the next morning he would be sick, and keep his bed, and when his hostess came to visit him, he would ask her, if she could help him to a goldsmith, that would do some business for him, and he would pay him for his pains very largely. So she was ready, and brought one; he asked him if he could do him one hours work or two presently, the goldsmith answered him, yes sir, with all my heart. So he took his purse from under his pillow, and gave him half a crown, and prayed him to buy half an ounce of quicksilver, and bring it to him presently, the goldsmith did so.

Then he gave him his key, and prayed him to open his portmanteau, and take out a little box, and open it, where he found a crucible, and a little ivory box, filled with the red powder of vermillion. The cheater prayed him to weigh out a grain of the red powder, with his gold weights, which he did; then he bid him look well upon the crucible if it were a good one, and not cracked in the carriage; the goldsmith said it was as sound a one as he had seen, and had a good strong bottom, then he bid him to put it into the quicksilver, and the grain of red powder, and set it into the fire, and by degrees melt it down, the goldsmith did so. When it was melted, he bid him set it by to cool, and then break it.

Then he lay down in his bed, and after a little while, he asked the goldsmith what he found in the bottom, to which the goldsmith answered, that he found a little lump of gold, as good as ever he saw, so he prayed him to help him to [get] money for it, for his money was almost all spent.

That I will, said the goldsmith presently, and went home, and weighed it, and brought him nineteen shillings in silver, and was desirous to know, how that red powder was made. He said it was an extract out of gold, which he carried with him in his long journeys, for ease of carriage, and that there was no other grain in it, or else he would tell it to him. So the goldsmith asked him, how much he would have again of his half crown, and he should have all if he pleased; for he was well enough paid for his work, in seeing that rare piece of art. No said the alchemist, take it all, and I thank you too, so the goldsmith took his leave, with great respect.

Then he laid down in his bed a little while, and by and by he knocked for his hostess, who came immediately, and he prayed her to call for a porter. Whereas he wrote a note, she did so. When the porter came, he sent him to his fellow cheater, who lay in the other end of the town, who presently brought him a letter formally framed betwixt them, upon the reading of which, he called for his hostess again, and desired her to fetch the goldsmith again, she did so.

When she brought him, he was rising, and grunted and groaned, and told the goldsmith, that though he was not well, yet necessity forced him to go about earnest business, and showed him the letter, and prayed him to read it whilst he put on his clothes When the goldsmith had read it, he said, you see what a straight I am in for twenty pounds, can you furnish me, and tomorrow or next day you shall work for me, and pay yourself, and I will leave you my box in pawn, which now you know how to make five hundred pounds of it, as well as it is.

The goldsmith answered, it shall be done, and went down and told the hostess all things; and also told her, that the gentleman was in great distress for twenty pounds, and that he had promised to furnish him instantly, but he had but ten pounds by him, if she pleased to furnish him with the other ten pounds, she should be sure enough to have it with great advantage, for so short a time: for said he, we shall have his box in pawn, and will make bold with twice as much of his powder, as our money comes to; and besides that, he will pay us royally I warrant you; and all the while I can do the work so well, that I should be glad never to hear of him more.

So she agreed, and they brought him up twenty pounds presently, whereupon he delivered them the box, and made a motion to have it sealed up; but at length he said, that because they had furnished him in his necessity, and because he esteemed them to be honest people, in regard to his enemy, he would not stay to seal it, and so took his leave, and prayed the goldsmith to be ready within a day or two, to help him to work, but from that day to this, they never saw him.

So when he came not again within a week or a fortnight, they concluded that some misfortune had happened to him, or that he had taken cold by going abroad so hastily, being not well, and so was dead, for otherwise he would have sent about it before that time, if he were but sick. So they resolved to make use of it, and fell to work with great alacrity, but when they could make no gold, their hearts were cold, and they found themselves to be miserably cheated.

The Fourth Cheat.

This cheat is described in old Chaucer, in these Canterbury Tales; but because everyone has not that book, I will relate it briefly, and those who would see it more largely described, shall be referred to the said book.

And thus it was done: The cheater took a charcoal about two inches long, and one inch thick, and did cleave it through the middle, and made a little concavity in the middle thereof, and put in a little ingot of gold, weighing an ounce, into the middle of it, and glued it up again, so that it seemed to be nothing but a very coal. Then before the cheated, he put in one ounce of quicksilver into a crucible, and a little red powder with it, and bid the cheater to set it into the fire, and when it began to smoke.

Oh said he, I must stir it a little, to mingle the powder with the mercury, or else we shall have great loss.

So he took up a coal from the heap with the tongs, like to his coal which he had prepared, and let it fall out of the tongs by the side of the heap, and dropped down his own coal by it, and took it up in the room [place] of the other, and stirred the quicksilver and the powder together with it, and left the coal in the pot, and then bid the cheated to cover the pot with charcoals and to make a good fire. And after a little space, to blow it strongly with a pair of good hand-bellows, till it was melted, for he assured him, that the quicksilver would be fixed and turned into gold, by the virtue of that small quantity of powder.

Which the cheated found by experience, as he verily thought, and so was earnest with the cheater to teach him his art, but what bargain they made, I have forgotten, for it is twenty years since I read Chaucer's book.

Now whereas I have received the reports of some of these cheaters in different manners, yet I am sure that they being wrought according to my prescription, will cheat almost any man that has not read this book or Chaucer's, unless a man should happen upon one that knows the great work, which is hardly to be found in ten kingdoms. For he knows that none of these things can be done unless they be meer albifications or citrinations, but are naught else but sophistications and delusions, and will abide no trial, unless it be the eyes of an ignorant man that has no skill in metals.

Well now I will add some more caveats to fill up my book, and so make a short conclusion.

And first, To sum up all, let men beware of all books and receipts, that teach the multiplication of gold or silver, with common quicksilver by way of animation or minera, for they cannot be joined inseparably by any medium, or means whatever.

2. Let all men beware of any books or receipts, which teach any dissolutions into clear water like unto gold or silver dissolved in aqua fortis, or aqua regis, or spirit of salt, made by any way whatever, or any dissolution whatever, which it is not done with the congelatione spiritus [by the congelatione spiritus], according to the manner used in the great work.

3. Let all men take heed of books, that teach any operations in vegetable, or animals, be they never so gloriously penned. For it is as possible for a bird to live in the water, or for a fish to live in the air, as for any thing that is not radically metallic, to live in the lead upon the test.

And lastly, let all men beware of his own conception of wisdom, for that has undone many a man in this art.

Therefore let every one take notice, that though it be a thousand to one odds, that any seeker shall not obtain his desire, that is because many men being unfit and not qualified sufficiently to take in hand this great business.

Let these remember what Solomon, the wisest of men says, into a wicked heart wisdom shall not enter, and he said not great wisdom, nor much wisdom, but ordinary wisdom; then how can any wicked or foolish man hope to find out this great secret, which being the most sublime knowledge that God has given to men, requires the greatest wisdom to accomplish it, that God has bestowed upon men.

Therefore if any man attempts this art, who has not attained to such a perfection in the knowledge of Nature, especially in minerals, that by his own speculation and practice, without the help of books, he can write a rational discourse of either animals, vegetables, or minerals, in such a solid way, that no man can contradict it, without shame upon fair trial, the questions being rightly stated, then his labor and charge is the cause why so many men fall and undo themselves in this art; for if the searcher be qualified sufficiently, then it is ten to one odds, that he speedeth.

But to draw to an end: What should I say more. Oh, if any man either in England, or beyond the seas, shall trouble himself to write to me, he shall be sure to have an answer. If he comes to me, he shall be sure to lose his labor, if he thinks to win me by rewards, though never so great, he shall be sure to get nothing but a jeer; for I did not write this book with an intent to teach the art absolutely, but only to preserve men from undoing themselves foolishly; which if it be well considered of, will be found to be large charity. For but that I know where I am, to wits in a free state, where the subjects know so well their own liberties and privileges, that they will never suffer any tyrannical government to prevail in this nation, I should have been sure to have lost my liberty by this single action.

But now I have been a petitioner to the High and Honorable Court of Parliament, that I may demonstrate my ability, to do the Commonwealth of England service, which service consists in three things principally, to wit, to show how the husbandry of this land may be so improved, that it may maintain double the number of people, which now it does, and in much more plenty: also to show how the art of physic may be improved and lastly, to show the art of the transmutation of metals, if I may have a laboratory, like to that in the City of Venice, where they are sure of secrecy, by reason that no man is suffered to enter in, unless he can be contented to remain there, being surely provided for, till he be brought forth to go to the Church to be buried.

Geber, an Arabian Prince, and a famous philosopher, being overjoyed when he had found out the philosophers' stone, breathed out these words at the end of his book; Blessed be the high, exalted and powerful God, and blessed be his name through all ages.

But I having not only found out the philosophers stone, but also a sure and infallible way to make England, and so the world happy by it, which is ten thousand times better than it, will exalt the praises of God in the superlative degree, and conclude thus: God is the most blessed, and most sublime, the most glorious and most almighty, may his name be most blessed forever.